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Abstract

The present study examines changes in cry sounds over the course of a relatively long bout of crying. Specifically, differences in acoustic characteristics of 5 cries from early and 5 cries from late in a prolonged cry bout were assessed. The results indicated that several features changed in means and/or variances between early and late in the bout. A subset of 9 acoustic features was chosen to evaluate changes in the interrelations of features over time. Cries from late in the bout appeared to result from a smaller number of factors, which were more readily interpretable in terms of a standard model of cry production. Thus, it appears that as infants' level of arousal or distress changes, so do the acoustic features of their cries. Further, the results support the notion that bouts of crying settle into a "basic" or regular cry whose acoustic features provide a reasonable match with a theoretical model of cry production.

Parental Sexual Orientation and Children's Psychological Well‐Being: 2013–2015 National Health Interview Survey

“…Concerns that children growing up in households with LGB parents are harmed by the experience have found little empirical support (Bos, Van Balen, & Van den Boom, 2007;Chan & Patterson, 1998;Golombok & Badger, 2010), with only a few exceptions (Sullins, 2015). Our results provide further reassurance that such concerns about children being raised in same-gender partnered households appear unwarranted.…”

Parental Expressions of Anxiety and Child Temperament in Toddlerhood Jointly Predict Preschoolers’ Avoidance of Novelty

“…BI was measured in the current sample at 1 year and 2.5 years separately from the SR tasks. At 1 year, 11 social and nonsocial tasks were used from several standardized BI laboratory instruments: Stranger Approach, Unpredictable Mechanical Toy and Mask tasks from the Laboratory Temperament Assessment Battery (Lab-TAB; Goldsmith & Rothbart, 1996); three unpredictable mechanical toy tasks (a buzzing animal, an ambulance, and toy horse) adapted from Rothbart (1988); four discomfort tasks (ice, lemon, spray, and blender) from Kochanska, Coy, Tjebkes, and Husarek (1998); and the truck task adapted from Calkins, Fox, and Marshall (1996) and Fox, Henderson, Rubin, Calkins, and Schmidt (2001); for more information about the tasks, see Aktar et al (2013).…”