9G TestTM Cancer/Lung: A Desirable Companion to LDCT for Lung Cancer Screening

Abstract

A complimentary biomarker test that can be used in combination with LDCT for lung cancer screening is highly desirable to improve the diagnostic capacity of LDCT and reduce the false-positive rates. Most importantly, the stage I lung cancer detection rate can be dramatically increased by the simultaneous use of a biomarker test with LDCT. The present study was conducted to evaluate 9G testTM Cancer/Lung’s sensitivity and specificity in detecting Stage 0~IV lung cancer. The obtained results indicate that the 9G testTM Cancer/Lung can detect lung cancer with overall sensitivity and specificity of 75.0% (69.1~80.3) and 97.3% (95.0~98.8), respectively. The detection of stage I, stage II, stage III, and stage IV cancers with sensitivities of 77.5%, 78.1%, 67.4%, and 33.3%, respectively, at the specificity of 97.3% have never been reported before. The receiver operating characteristic curve analysis allowed us to determine the population-weighted AUC of 0.93 (95% CI, 0.91–0.95). These results indicate that the 9G testTM Cancer/Lung can be used in conjunction with LDCT to screen lung cancer. Furthermore, obtained results indicate that the use of 9G testTM Cancer/Lung with LDCT for lung cancer screening can increase stage I cancer detection, which is crucial to improve the currently low 5-year survival rates.

Detection and Quantification of Tp53 and p53-Anti-p53 Autoantibody Immune Complex: Promising Biomarkers in Early Stage Lung Cancer Diagnosis

“…Unfortunately, 96% of these subjects were confirmed as being false positives upon biopsy [ 8 ]. Therefore, a complementary test that can be combined with LDCT to improve the diagnostic capacities and to reduce false-positive rates is highly awaited [ 9 , 10 , 11 ]. In this regard, methods based on biomarker detection offer excellent potential for developing noninvasive cancer diagnostic tests to complement LDCT for detecting stage 0∼IV lung cancers [ 12 ].…”

The Usefulness of the Ratio of Antigen–Autoantibody Immune Complexes to Their Free Antigens in the Diagnosis of Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer

“…However, the amount and type of tumour-specific proteins that increase in each individual may differ during cancer development. Therefore, if a specific cut-off is used to discriminate between patients with cancer and healthy individuals, the overlap with healthy individuals will result in a lower specificity, which was also observed for AICs and free antigens separately measured in a previous study using the same method [ 24 , 25 , 26 ]. Irrespective of the number of tumour-specific proteins present in each individual, the ratio of AIC to its free antigen confirmed its potential as a marker to discriminate between the healthy controls (HCs) and patients with early-stage lung cancer [ 24 , 25 ].…”

“…A new method that uses a 9-guanine DNA chip to measure the antigen–autoantibody immune complex (AIC) and its antigen based on the ratio of AIC to its free antigen was verified for its efficiency in detecting lung cancer [ 24 , 25 , 26 ]. Previously, tumour marker-specific autoantibodies were overexpressed in patients with cancer [ 27 ].…”

Electrochemical impedance analysis of the CYFRA 21-1 antigen based on doxorubicin-initiated ROP signal amplification

“…As the early symptoms of lung cancer are not obvious, most lung cancer patients are diagnosed at an advanced stage, making it the malignant tumor with the highest incidence and mortality rate in the world. 1,2 Based on the pathological type, it can be defined as non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and small cell lung cancer (SCLC). As we all know, a major type is the NSCLC, which accounts for about 85% of the total number of lung cancers.…”