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Xue, Shaolin; Proulx, Pierre; Boulos, Maher I.

doi:10.1023/a:1022929501406

Cited by 35 publications

(39 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…Some works by Tanaka [22,23], Watanabe et al [24,25,26] and other authors [4,27] implemented the second approach, obtaining accurate prediction of species distribution in the torch: as a drawback, in those papers, demixing due to mole fraction and temperature gradients has not been investigated. On the contrary, a combined diffusion approach has been used by Chen [28], but the effects of demixing have not been discussed in detail, although results for the mass fraction of hydrogen shows that it occurs in the near-wall region.…”

Section: Confidential: Not For Distribution Submitted To Iop Publishmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Inductively coulpled plasma torches have been investigated also using thermal nonequilibrium approaches [30,25,23]: these studies have shown that for pressure higher that 0.5 bar NLTE conditions exists only in the discharge fringes (near cold gas injection regions and torch walls) where high temperature gradients exist. Moreover, for argonhydrogen mixtures Ye et al [31] showed that NLTE effects are much less pronounced that in the case of pure argon, as a result of higher electron-heavy particle cross section for hydrogen species than for argon species.…”

Section: Confidential: Not For Distribution Submitted To Iop Publishmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A three-dimensional investigation of the effects of excitation frequency and sheath gas mixing in an atmospheric-pressure inductively coupled plasma system

Colombo¹,

Ghedini²,

Sanibondi³

2010

J. Phys. D: Appl. Phys.

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To cite this version:V Colombo, E Ghedini, P Sanibondi. A three-dimensional investigation of the effects of excitation frequency and sheath gas mixing in an atmospheric-pressure inductively coupled plasma system. Journal of Physics D: Applied Physics, IOP Publishing, 2010, 43 (10), pp.105202. <10.1088/0022-3727/43/10/105202>. A three-dimensional investigation of the effects of excitation frequency and sheath gas mixing in an atmospheric-pressure inductively-coupled plasma system V Colombo, E Ghedini, P Sanibondi Dipartimento di Ingegneria delle Costruzioni Meccaniche, Nucleari, Aeronautiche e di Metallurgia (DIEM), Alma Mater Studiorum -Università di Bologna, Via Saragozza 8, 40123 Bologna, Italy E-mail: paolo.sanibondi@unibo.it Abstract.A three dimensional numerical model for the simulation of the behavior of a commercial inductively coupled plasma (ICP) torch with non-axisymmetric reaction chamber has been developed, taking in account turbulence and gas mixing through RNG k-theory and the combined diffusion approach of Murphy, respectively.The effects of changing coil current frequency, the hydrogen mixing in an argon primary gas and the flow patterns and temperature distributions which take place in a reaction chamber with a lateral gas outlet system and two observation windows have been investigated, with the final aim of setting up a computational tool able to predict the main features of plasma assisted treating and processing of injected raw materials.Three-dimensional shapes of the temperature, velocity and mass fraction fields have been obtained and analyzed for an Ar-H 2 mixture at atmospheric pressure.Computations have been performed with two different coil current frequencies, i.e. 3 MHz and 13.56 MHz, showing that for the lower value the 3-D effects in the discharge are enhanced.Accurate mixing and demixing mechanisms have been investigated in both cases, including considerations on the relative importance of different thermal diffusion contributions due to mole fraction and temperature gradients.Temperature distributions in the reaction chamber for different cases have been correlated to different flow patterns and recirculation flows which take place as a consequence of the non-axisymmetry of the reaction chamber.

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Section: Confidential: Not For Distribution Submitted To Iop Publishmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Confidential: Not For Distribution Submitted To Iop Publishmentioning

confidence: 99%

A three-dimensional investigation of the effects of excitation frequency and sheath gas mixing in an atmospheric-pressure inductively coupled plasma system

Colombo¹,

Ghedini²,

Sanibondi³

2010

J. Phys. D: Appl. Phys.

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“…As an alternative, mathematical modeling represents a valid and powerful tool to predict the characteristics of these kinds of systems, also due to the relevant progress recently made in computer technology, which allows for the implementation of more and more sophisticated modeling approaches. In this frame, various 2-D models have been proposed in the past by different authors [12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19] to simulate the physical behavior of the plasma in ICPTs, also using an extended grid approach [15][16][17][18][19] for the description of the electromagnetic field. However, as all these models assume the torch to be axisymmetric, important 3-D effects due to the actual shape of the induction coil or to the non-axisymmetric distribution of the inlet gases could not be revealed.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Moreover, 2-D models do not permit one to study torches with non-circular cross-section. A first step in trying to highlight some of the 3-D effects caused by the typical helicoidal shape of the coil was the work of Xue et al [19] which also took into account within a 2-D modeling the axial component of the induction current flowing with a given inclination angle through an idealized axysymmetric cylindrical coil. 3-D simulation aimed at the study of gas mixing in the downstream region of an ICPT was also performed by Mostaghimi and co-workers [20], within a computational domain that did not include the induction coil and its electromagnetic effects.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Three‐Dimensional Modeling of Thermal Plasmas (RF and Transferred Arc) for the Design of Sources and Industrial Processes

Colombo

Ghedini

Mentrelli

et al. 2007

Advanced Plasma Technology

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A three-dimensional (3-D) model for the simulation of inductively coupled plasma torches (ICPTs) working at atmospheric pressure has been developed at the University of Bologna, using the customized CFD commercial code FLUENT 1 . The helicoidal coil is taken into account in its actual 3-D shape, showing its effects on the plasma discharge for various geometric, electric and operating conditions without axisymmetric hypotheses of simplification. Simulations have been performed for Ar plasmas. The gas injection section of an industrial TEKNA PL-35 plasma torch is included in the model without geometry simplifications, refining the mesh at the injection points, in order to perform a more realistic simulation of the inlet region of the discharge, taking into account also turbulence effects. Metallic and ceramic particle axial injection in the discharge through a carrier gas by means of a probe is simulated as well, taking into account the energy and momentum transfer between the continuous and the discrete phases and the effect of particle turbulent dispersion. The behavior of transferred arc thermal plasma sources operating at atmospheric pressure for the treatment of a substrate material (for waste treatment purposes and for metallic substrate cutting or hardening) has also been investigated by means of a 3-D time-dependent numerical model, using a customized version of the CFD commercial code FLUENT 1 . Unsteady flow and heat transfer equations are solved with coupled electromagnetic ones, for an Ar optically thin plasma under conditions of laminar flow and local thermodynamic equilibrium (LTE). The transient effects of an imposed external magnetic field on the shape of the single torch arc are investigated. The importance of fully investigating plasma velocity and temperature fields in high-power twin torch transferred arc systems designed for waste treatment purposes is outlined with reference to a plasma source designed and operated by Centro Sviluppo Materiali (CSM SpA) in Castel Romano, Rome. All calculations have been performed using PlasMac, a cluster of workstations available at CIRAM & DIEM, University of Bologna, so allowing for a large reduction in computational time as well as for the treatment of complex computational domains otherwise not manageable with traditional personal computers.Advanced Plasma Technology. Edited

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“…Mathematical modelling represents a powerful tool to predict the characteristics of this kind of systems, also due to the relevant progresses recently achieved in computer technology, which allow for the implementation of more and more sophisticated modelling approaches. In this frame, various 2-D models have been proposed in the past by different authors [2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10], to simulate the physical behaviour of the plasma in ICPTs, also using an extended grid approach [5][6][7][8][9][10] for the description of the electromagnetic field. However, as all these models assume the torch to be axisymmetric, important 3-D effects due to the actual shape of the induction coil or to the non-axisymmetric distribution of the inlet gases, could not be revealed.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Three dimensional modelling of inductively coupled plasma torches: comparison with experiments and applications

et al. 2004

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A three-dimensional model for the simulation of inductively coupled plasma torches working at atmospheric pressure has been developed, using the customized computational fluid dynamic (CFD) commercial code FLUENT. The helicoidal coil is taken into account in its actual 3-D shape, showing its effects on the plasma discharge for various geometric, electric and operating conditions without axisymmetric hypotheses of simplification. The electromagnetic equations are solved in their vector potential form, while the steady flow and energy equations are solved for optically thin argon plasmas under the assumptions of LTE and laminar flow. In order to evaluate the importance of various 3-D effects on calculated plasma temperature and flow fields, comparisons of our results with the ones obtainable from 2-D models and from an improved 2-D model that includes 3-D coil effects are presented. The effects of changing inlet gas flow rates, direction of the swirl velocity component, axial length and number of turns of the coil and the net amount of power dissipated in the discharge are evidenced, in order to give useful hints for avoiding the formation of a hot temperature spot in the confinement tube wall due to the axial displacement of the plasma fireball. Three-dimensional results concerning different coil shapes are presented. Calculations have also been carried out for some real torches specifically designed for particular applications, with the aim of validating the code. In addition, an improved version of the 3-D model has been used to simulate thermal history and trajectory of metallic and ceramic powders injected in the discharge through a carrier gas, taking into account the plasma-particle interaction. Moreover, comparisons of calculated side-on emission intensity profiles obtained from 3-D temperature results with experimental data coming from optical emission spectroscopy measurements have been carried out, for a 300 W, 40 MHz argon radio frequency inductively coupled plasma operated at atmospheric pressure, for some characteristic Ar-I wavelengths. : 52.75.Hn, 52.80.Pi, 81.20.Ev PACS

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Untitled

Cited by 35 publications

References 7 publications

A three-dimensional investigation of the effects of excitation frequency and sheath gas mixing in an atmospheric-pressure inductively coupled plasma system

A three-dimensional investigation of the effects of excitation frequency and sheath gas mixing in an atmospheric-pressure inductively coupled plasma system

Three‐Dimensional Modeling of Thermal Plasmas (RF and Transferred Arc) for the Design of Sources and Industrial Processes

Three dimensional modelling of inductively coupled plasma torches: comparison with experiments and applications

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