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Merisko-Liversidge, Elaine; Sarpotdar, Pramod P.; Bruno, Joseph G.; Hajj, Sarah El; Wei, Liang; Peltier, Nancy; Rake, James B.; Shaw, Jyoti; Pugh, Susan; Polin, Lisa; Jones, Julie L.; Corbett, Thomas H.; Cooper, Eugene R.; Liversidge, Gary G.

doi:10.1023/a:1016051316815

Cited by 206 publications

(49 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…Mechanical treatments like dry and wet milling techniques are widely used to reduce particle size down to nanometer scale [88,89,90]. The milling process has the disadvantage of non-uniformity in particle size and broad particle size distributions [91] but is still a simple process for nanoparticle production.…”

Section: Production Of Nano-/microsized Lignin Materialsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Lignin from Micro- to Nanosize: Production Methods

Beisl

Miltner

Friedl

2017

IJMS

165

140

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Lignin is the second most abundant biopolymer after cellulose. It has long been obtained as a by-product of cellulose production in pulp and paper production, but had rather low added-value applications. A changing paper market and the emergence of biorefinery projects should generate vast amounts of lignin with the potential of value addition. Nanomaterials offer unique properties and the preparation of lignin nanoparticles and other nanostructures has therefore gained interest as a promising technique to obtain value-added lignin products. Due to lignin’s high structural and chemical heterogeneity, methods must be adapted to these different types. This review focuses on the ability of different formation methods to cope with the huge variety of lignin types and points out which particle characteristics can be achieved by which method. The current research’s main focus is on pH and solvent-shifting methods where the latter can yield solid and hollow particles. Solvent shifting also showed the capability to cope with different lignin types and solvents and antisolvents, respectively. However, process conditions have to be adapted to every type of lignin and reduction of solvent demand or the integration in a biorefinery process chain must be focused.

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Section: Production Of Nano-/microsized Lignin Materialsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Lignin from Micro- to Nanosize: Production Methods

Beisl

Miltner

Friedl

2017

IJMS

165

140

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“…[1][2][3] Wet cogrinding method has been known as an effective method to produce stable nanosuspensions. [4][5][6][7] Liversidge and Cundy proposed a preparation method for crystalline nanoparticle by wet co-grinding of danazol with polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP). 4) Oral absorption of poorly water-soluble drugs in nanocrystal form was remarkably improved.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Morphology and Surface States of Colloidal Probucol Nanoparticles Evaluated by Atomic Force Microscopy

Moribe

Wanawongthai

Shudo

et al. 2008

CHEMICAL & PHARMACEUTICAL BULLETIN

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Morphology and surface states of colloidal probucol nanoparticles after dispersion of probucol/polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP)/sodium dodecyl sulphate (SDS) ternary ground mixture into water were investigated by atomic force microscopy (AFM). The observed particles had core-shell structure, i.e. drug nanocrystals were covered with PVP and SDS complex. The AFM phase image and the force curve analyses indicated that probucol nanoparticles with PVP K17 showed layer structure, compared to those with PVPK12. The structural difference was explainable in terms of the molecular states of PVP-SDS complex on the particle surface. These findings support not only the mechanism of drug nanoparticle formation but also the in vivo absorption results with the almost same particle size of ca. 40 nm.Key words atomic force microscopy; colloidal nanoparticle; surface state; grinding; probucol Co-grinding, where a drug is ground together with excipients, is a promising method for an effective reduction of particle size. A certain number of studies revealed that the coground mixture enhanced dissolution, resulting in the improvement of oral absorption and bioavailability.1-3) Wet cogrinding method has been known as an effective method to produce stable nanosuspensions.4-7) Liversidge and Cundy proposed a preparation method for crystalline nanoparticle by wet co-grinding of danazol with polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP).4) Oral absorption of poorly water-soluble drugs in nanocrystal form was remarkably improved. 4,5) Shi et al. reported the image of drug nanocrystals in the formulation by atomic force microscopy and complementary techniques. 8)They showed the morphology of nanocrystals, though the surface states of the nanocrystals were not well characterized.Compared with the wet co-grinding method, the dry cogrinding process has some advantages for solid pharmaceutical applications due to its simple preparation with free solvents. Our previous studies demonstrated that drug nanoparticle was successfully produced by the dry co-grinding of a poorly water-soluble drug with PVP and sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS).9-11) When probucol, which is mainly used as a cholesterol-lowering agent, was used as a model drug, solidstate 13 C-NMR studies revealed that the nanoparticle formation and stabilization were attributable to grinding-induced solid-state interactions among components of the drug/ PVP/SDS ternary system.12) The agglomeration of colloidal nanoparticles after dispersing the ground mixture (GM) into water was effectively inhibited in the presence of PVP and SDS. The results of particle size and zeta-potential measurements suggested that the adsorption of both PVP and SDS as the complex on the surface of crystalline particles stabilized the drug nanoparticles.13) Because surface states of the probucol nanoparticles certainly affected the dissolution and the subsequent absorption, the direct observation of the nanoparticles in aqueous environment was an urgent requisite. We have observed the morphology of probucol nanoparticles in water by environm...

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“…A lot of studies including the addition of polymers or surfactants help in the dispersion of IDM in water for the wet milling operation. [33][34][35] Finally, the use of SC-CO 2 as a medium showed better results as compared to water. This is due to the fact that SC-CO 2 has high density, low viscosity and high permeability.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 95%

Development of a Novel Milling System Using Supercritical Carbon Dioxide for Improvement of Dissolution Characteristics of Water-Poorly Soluble Drugs

Fern

Nakamura

Watano

2016

CHEMICAL & PHARMACEUTICAL BULLETIN

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The aim of this study is to develop a novel milling system using supercritical carbon dioxide (SC-CO 2 ) for the improvement of dissolution characteristics of water-poorly soluble drugs. SC-CO 2 possesses high potential in the application of nanotechnology, due to the attractive properties of SC-CO 2 fluid such as cheap, inert and non-polluting. In addition, SC-CO 2 has density comparable to a liquid, viscosity similar to a gas, and high diffusion capacity. Most of all, carbon dioxide exists as gas in room temperature and pressure, which enables the removal of fluid instantaneously. In this study, a novel method of milling using SC-CO 2 was proposed to produce fine-drug particles. SC-CO 2 milling was conducted and its performance was compared with the ones by various milling methods such as jet milling, dry milling and wet milling. A comparison on the effect of each milling medium on its milling performance, drug size distribution, and particle morphology was conducted. Operating variables of the SC-CO 2 milling system were also investigated to clarify the factors affecting the milling properties and to improve drug release characteristics of waterpoorly soluble drugs.

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Abstract: Wet milling technology is a feasible approach for formulating poorly water soluble chemotherapeutic agents that may offer a number of advantages over a more classical approach.

Cited by 206 publications

References 15 publications

Lignin from Micro- to Nanosize: Production Methods

Lignin from Micro- to Nanosize: Production Methods

Morphology and Surface States of Colloidal Probucol Nanoparticles Evaluated by Atomic Force Microscopy

Development of a Novel Milling System Using Supercritical Carbon Dioxide for Improvement of Dissolution Characteristics of Water-Poorly Soluble Drugs

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