“…The use of estrogen radiopharmaceuticals to image estrogen receptor (ER) in vivo has the potential to determine the ER status of breast cancer. Fluorine‐18, iodine‐131, and other radionuclides are widely used to label estrogen derivatives for in vivo imaging of ER density in steroid‐sensitive tumors (Ali, Rousseau, Gantchev, & van Lier, 1993; Ali, Rousseau, Ghaffari, & van Lier, 1988; Ali et al, 2003; Antunes et al., 2017; Gatley, Shaughnessy, & Inhorn, & Leiberman, 1981; Hochberg, 1979; Huang, Li, Lv, Liu, & Lin, 2018; Kiesewetter et al., 1984; Lim, Zheng, Berridge, & Tewson, 1996; Linden et al., 2006; Mortimer et al., 1996; Nayak et al., 2008; Neto et al., 2012; Paquette et al., 2013; Rijks et al., 1998; Symes, Coulson, & Ralphs, 1985; VanBrocklin, Carlson, Katzenellenbogen, & Welch, 1993; Xia et al., 2015; Yan et al., 2013). Among them, the most successful 18 F‐labeled estrogen derivative, 16α‐[ 18 F]fluoro‐17β‐estradiol ([ 18 F]FES), has a good affinity for ER+ tumors and predicts response to tamoxifen (Linden et al., 2006; Mortimer et al., 1996).…”