99%—Efficient, interleaved bidirectional DC‐DC converter with new interleaved PWM method of parallel‐connected Mosfets

Abstract

A new high efficiency interleaved pulse‐width modulation (HE‐IPWM) method using parallel‐connected Mosfets is presented. The IPWM is evaluated using a bidirectional DC‐DC converter for charging and discharging a battery. The results show an excellent DC voltage gain without an extremely large duty cycle. Compared with conventional pulse‐width modulation (CPWM), the IPWM reduces by half the ripple of the battery current. The current ripple of IPWM is four times higher of the switching frequency, while CPWM is two times higher. The proposed interleaved strategy also double the inductor current ripple frequency, whereas in general, is equal to the switching frequency. As a result, the use of the IPWM reduces the weight and size of inductor design. Furthermore, IPWM provides the best battery current ripple at the duty cycle close to 25%. The operating stage, mathematical analyses, and design guidelines of the two proposed modulations are explained in detail. The IPWM experimental results of a 250‐W prototype confirmed the circuit performance. The maximum efficiency of 98.9% is obtained at 250 W for boost mode and 99% for buck mode.

Battery energy management proposition for energy storage using active dc–dc converter

“…Compared with other non‐isolated bidirectional dc–dc converters, 20–29 the interleaved bidirectional two‐arm converter has several advantages such as voltage step‐up/step‐down, reduced parts count, simplicity of implementation, lower control complexity, better thermal management, lower current stress, and lower conduction losses in the switches. In addition, bidirectional interleaved dc–dc converters have a good efficiency that can reach up to 99% 30 …”

A bidirectional high voltage ratio DC–DC topology for energy storage systems in microgrid

“…However, the efficiency is poor, the voltage or current range is large, and the duty cycle is high in large voltage gain applications. To overcome the voltage gain limitation of conventional bidirectional converters, non-isolated step-up and step-down converters with high performance are presented in [7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17]. Non-isolated high step-up/step-down converters are divided into coupled inductor-less and coupled inductor-bidirectional converters, which are presented in [18,19] and [11][12][13][14][15][16], respectively.…”

“…Additionally, the authors developed the 400‐W experimental prototype converter to support the theoretical and characteristic evaluations. The efficiency of bidirectional interleaved DC–DC converters may also increase to 99% [17]. The research presented in ref.…”