98. Physical properties and chemical constitution. Part XXIV. Aliphatic aldoximes, ketoximes, and ketoxime O-alkyl ethers, NN-dialkylhydrazines, aliphatic ketazines, mono- and di-alkylaminopropionitriles, alkoxypropionitriles, dialkyl azodiformates, and dialkyl carbonates. Bond parachors, bond refractions, and bondrefraction coefficients

Abstract

New measurements have been made of the refractivities a t 20°, and the parachors of aliphatic aldoximes, ketoximes, and ketoxime O-alkyl ethers, NN-dialkylhydrazines, aliphatic ketazines, p-mono-and F-di-alkylaminopropionitriles, P-alkoxypropionitriles, dialkyl azodiformates and dialkyl carbonates, and the contributions of the :N*OH, :NO, N-NH,, :N-N:, NH, N (tertiary), N:N, and CO, groups, and of 0 (from alkoxypropionitriles) have been evaluated. The bond refractions, as well as the bond parachors and the bond-refraction coefficients, have been computed for a large number of links with the aid of the experimental data given in this and previous papers of this series. The bond constants of several links have been deduced by a number of independent methods, and the results are in satisfactory agreement. The comprehensive table of bond refractions and bond parachors may be employed for the computation of " theoretical " refractions and parachors. The bond-refraction coefficients permit of the calculation of the refractive index (nio) of a liquid compound from its chemical formula.The structures of the esters of oxy-acids and of related compounds are discussed.THE determination of atomic, group, and structural parachors and refractivities has been extended to a number of series of nitrogen-containing compounds (compare Eisenlohr, 2. physikal. Chem., 1912,79,412). New measurements of the densities and surface tensions over a range of temperatures as well as the refractive indices at 20" for the c, D, F, and G' lines have been made and the constants calculated as in previous papers of this series. TABLE 1. Values for the :N*OH group from aldoximes artd ketoxiines.

Enhancing electrical energy storage using polar polyimides with nitrile groups directly attached to the main chain

“…In this case, the molar refraction is that of the repeat unit of the PI. Molar refraction is obtained by adding up molar refractions of individual bonds (i.e., bond refractions 39,40 ) in the repeat unit. The molar refraction for sample 1 is calculated to be 158.5 cm 3 mol À1 and the permittivity obtained for sample 1 from electronic polarization is 2.44 (see Section III of the ESI † for calculations).…”

Solvatochromic Effect in a Benzimidazole-Based Betaine: Determination of the Dipole Moments and Second-Order Hyperpolarizability

“…2); the average value amounts to 3.7x 10 -3 m3/mol. The molar refraction, estimated as a sum of structural increments [24], was equal to 1.34x 10 -4 m3/mol. Thus the ground-state dipole moment of BTPP calculated from these measurements was found equal to (13.5 ± 0.5) D, in a reasonable agreement with both the literature data [8] and the quantum-chemical calculations (Sec.…”

Refractive Index Measurement of Pharmaceutical Solids: A Review of Measurement Methods and Pharmaceutical Applications

“…Alternatively, Vogel et al 99 created an empirical approach to determine refractive index without the need of density. For this approach, refraction coefficients for atom and groups ðM ni Þ were listed to determine the total refraction coefficient ðM nD Þ, shown in Figure 10.…”