96 Gender Differences in Gastric Emptying

Datz, Frederick L.; Christian, Paul E.; Moore, Joe; Thorne, David R.

doi:10.1097/00004424-198609000-00114

Cited by 100 publications

(130 citation statements)

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“…Previous studies have found a significant difference in gastric emptying between men and women. In a comparison of relatively young men and women using a meal of liver pâté, beef stew, and orange juice, the half-time of gastric emptying was approximately 50% longer in women for both the solid phase and the liquid phase (10). The longer emptying time in women has been attributed to the female hormones estradiol and progesterone (13).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Gastric Emptying Study with Oatmeal: Reference Range and Reproducibility as a Function of Age and Sex

Klingensmith

Rhea²,

Wainwright³

et al. 2010

Journal of Nuclear Medicine Technology

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This study evaluated the reference range and reproducibility of the gastric emptying study with oatmeal as a function of age and sex. Methods: Twenty-four healthy subjects, 12 men and 12 women, categorized into 3 age groups, 20-40, 40-60, and 60-80 y, were studied twice, 1 d apart, with instant oatmeal labeled with 99m Tc-sulfur colloid. Imaging was performed in the upright position using the left anterior oblique (LAO), right posterior oblique (RPO), anterior, and posterior projections. One-minute digital images acquired every 15 min for 60 min were used to calculate a simple half-time of emptying. Results: A strong correlation was found among half-times of gastric emptying calculated from the anterior projection, LAO projection, anterior-posterior geometric mean, and LAO-RPO geometric mean (P , 0.01). A significant inverse correlation was found between increasing age and decreasing half-time of emptying in men and women (P , 0.05). A reference range of 10-60 min is suggested for 20-to 40-y-old patients, 10-40 min for 40-to 60-y-olds, and 10-30 min for 60-to 80-y-olds. Halftimes of emptying tended to be longer for women than for men (not statistically significant). There was a large variation between the first and second studies, with a trend toward decreasing variation with increasing age in both men and women. In repeated studies, a reference range of variation of up to 30 min is suggested for 20-to 40-y-old patients, up to 20 min for 40-to 60-y-olds, and up to 15 min for 60-to 80-yolds. Conclusion: The reference range for half-time of gastric emptying with instant oatmeal decreases with increasing age in both men and women. Test-retest variation is relatively large and tends to decrease with increasing age in both men and women. Data from either the LAO projection or the anteriorposterior geometric mean are acceptable for calculating the half-time of gastric emptying.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Gastric Emptying Study with Oatmeal: Reference Range and Reproducibility as a Function of Age and Sex

Klingensmith

Rhea²,

Wainwright³

et al. 2010

Journal of Nuclear Medicine Technology

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“…Historically it has been assumed that men and women have identical GE but gender differences were occasionally noted in studies (Datz et al, 1987). The effect of gender on GE remains controversial though there is more and more evidence that women have slower GE rates (Wang et al, 2015).…”

Section: Noninvasive Methodologiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Exploring gastrointestinal variables affecting drug and formulation behavior: Methodologies, challenges and opportunities

Hens

Corsetti

Spiller

et al. 2017

International Journal of Pharmaceutics

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(2017) Exploring gastrointestinal variables affecting drug and formulation behavior: methodologies, challenges and opportunities. International Journal of Pharmaceutics, 519 (1-2). pp. 79-97. ISSN 1873-3476Access from the University of Nottingham repository: http://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/39960/1/FinalVersion-Revised-FOR_EPRINTS_1_YEAR_EMBARGO_ELSEVIER.pdf Copyright and reuse:The Nottingham ePrints service makes this work by researchers of the University of Nottingham available open access under the following conditions. This article is made available under the Creative Commons Attribution Non-commercial No Derivatives licence and may be reused according to the conditions of the licence. For more details see: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/2.5/ A note on versions:The version presented here may differ from the published version or from the version of record. If you wish to cite this item you are advised to consult the publisher's version. Please see the repository url above for details on accessing the published version and note that access may require a subscription. After oral intake, a drug formulation is challenged by several gastrointestinal (GI) barriers. Complex variables such as pH, GI secretions and GI transit/motility along the GI tract can affect drug release and absorption in a positive or negative way depending on the physicochemical properties of the drug compound (e.g. pH/pKa interplay for ionizable drugs) and/or the formulation characteristics (e.g. pHsensitive coating). In addition, inter-subject variability in characteristics of the GI environment may cause variable drug absorption and systemic drug availability (Riethorst et al., 2015). Determining the median and range for specific GI variables, and understanding how they influence oral drug behavior along the GI tract, will be helpful in the field of drug development. 2The present review provides an overview of different methodologies that can be applied to study physiological variables of the human GI tract and their impact on oral drug absorption in healthy and patient populations. The methodologies have been subdivided into two groups: (i) noninvasive and (ii) invasive methodologies. Although some of the methodologies are more historical than operational, they have been of paramount importance for innovations in drug and formulation development; in addition, they have created the basis for several novel methodologies, leading to an in-depth comprehension of different GI variables: gastric emptying (magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), scintigraphy, acetaminophen absorption technique, ultrasonography, breath test, intraluminal sampling and telemetry), motility (MRI, small intestinal/colonic manometry and telemetry), GI volume changes (MRI and ultrasonography), temperature (telemetry) and GI pH (intraluminal sampling and telemetry). Noninvasive methodologiesa. Scintigraphy Disturbances in the normal movement of food along the GI tract can be associated with abdominal pain, early satiety and nausea. Measurement of GI transit, es...

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“…However, few studies have addressed the reproducibility of the method within and between individuals (Brophy et al, 1986;Collins et al, 1983). Investigations of the effect of gender on gastric emptying have given conflicting results (Datz et al, 1987;Horowitz et al, 1984) and in many studies the possible influence of gender or menstrual cycle on gastric emptying is not considered. In previous studies of gastric emptying in both sexes we observed large differences in emptying rates of a Tc-99m labelled semisolid meal within and between subjects on separate study days (Petring et al, 1986;Petring, 1989).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Inter‐ and intrasubject variability of gastric emptying in healthy volunteers measured by scintigraphy and paracetamol absorption.

Petring

Flachs

1990

Brit J Clinical Pharma

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1. Inter‐ and intrasubject variability in the gastric emptying of semisolids and liquids was measured by scintigraphic emptying of radionuclide‐labelled semisolid and from paracetamol absorption in ten healthy volunteers of both sexes. 2. The intrasubject variability was not statistically significant for any of scintigraphic or paracetamol absorption parameters. 3. The intersubject variation was significant for all scintigraphic and paracetamol absorption parameters. 4. In women, the gastric emptying rate of semisolid decreased linearly during the menstrual cycle. 5. The lag period and paracetamol absorption parameters were unrelated to the day of the menstrual cycle day. 6. There was no statistically significant relationship between scintigraphic and paracetamol absorption parameters.

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96 Gender Differences in Gastric Emptying

Cited by 100 publications

References 0 publications

The Gastric Emptying Study with Oatmeal: Reference Range and Reproducibility as a Function of Age and Sex

The Gastric Emptying Study with Oatmeal: Reference Range and Reproducibility as a Function of Age and Sex

Exploring gastrointestinal variables affecting drug and formulation behavior: Methodologies, challenges and opportunities

Inter‐ and intrasubject variability of gastric emptying in healthy volunteers measured by scintigraphy and paracetamol absorption.

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