95-P

A Randomized Controlled Trial of a Parent-Led Memory-Reframing Intervention to Reduce Distress and Pain Associated with Vaccine Injections in Young Children

“…Past surgery may be a more salient and memorable event associated with much higher levels of pain that parents and children discuss more frequently, as compared to a routine needle procedure (i.e., vaccine injection). Indeed, parents of young children, who had undergone a tonsillectomy reported that they discussed the surgery with their children more frequently as compared to another past event that involved physical pain (e.g., a needle procedure) [51]. In the same study, when discussing past surgery, as compared to other events involving pain, parents used more emotion-laden (including positive emotion-related words) and fewer pain-related words [51].…”

“…Indeed, parents of young children, who had undergone a tonsillectomy reported that they discussed the surgery with their children more frequently as compared to another past event that involved physical pain (e.g., a needle procedure) [51]. In the same study, when discussing past surgery, as compared to other events involving pain, parents used more emotion-laden (including positive emotion-related words) and fewer pain-related words [51]. These reminiscing elements align closely with the intervention strategies (i.e., focusing on the positive aspects of the experience, reducing the frequency of pain-related words) [22].…”

The ‘Old New Russian Town’: Modernization and Architectural Preservation in Russia’s Historic North West, 1961–1982

“…However, although empowered by the union-level legislation, many local workshops remained shackled by the lack of material and human resources; at the end of the 1940s, the Novgorod and Pskov workshops comprised just five and four employees respectively, compared with the thirty experts at the Leningrad workshop. 38 As a number of commentators have observed, the Khrushchev administration marked a particularly difficult period in the history of Soviet preservation. As a combined result of changes in architectural tastes, the shift in government priorities from post-war recovery to urban growth, and the revival of the war on religion, the cause of architectural conservation ceased to be a focus of cultural politics.…”

“…The budget for historical restoration shrank steadily from the end of the 1950s and was cut dramatically in 1962 to 50% of that allocated in previous years. 39 At the same time, a number of prominent buildings, including high-profile structures such as the Uspenskii Cathedral in Leningrad and lesser-known edifices such as the former Rozov House and monastic hospital in Novgorod, were excluded from lists of federally protected monuments. 40 As Catriona Kelly points out, some notion of the inviolability of cultural heritage did persist at this time informing the writing of certain journalists and architects who feared that the Khrushchev-era urban housing programme would compromise the historic landscape.…”