9. The Gelechioidea

Hodges, Ronald W.

doi:10.1515/9783110804744.131

Cited by 81 publications

(205 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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Mentioning

191

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“…Within Gelechioidea our results support some of the groupings of Hodges (1998) and Kaila (2004), but most affinities remain without support. Xyloryctinae get support as being a sister to Coleophorinae rather than Scythridinae.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 54%

Comprehensive gene and taxon coverage elucidates radiation patterns in moths and butterflies

2010

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Lepidoptera (butterflies and moths) represent one of the most diverse animals groups. Yet, the phylogeny of advanced ditrysian Lepidoptera, accounting for about 99 per cent of lepidopteran species, has remained largely unresolved. We report a rigorous and comprehensive analysis of lepidopteran affinities. We performed phylogenetic analyses of 350 taxa representing nearly 90 per cent of lepidopteran families. We found Ditrysia to be a monophyletic taxon with the clade Tischerioidea þ Palaephatoidea being the sister group of it. No support for the monophyly of the proposed major internested ditrysian clades, Apoditrysia, Obtectomera and Macrolepidoptera, was found as currently defined, but each of these is supported with some modification. The monophyly or near-monophyly of most previously identified lepidopteran superfamilies is reinforced, but several species-rich superfamilies were found to be para-or polyphyletic. Butterflies were found to be more closely related to 'microlepidopteran' groups of moths rather than the clade Macrolepidoptera, where they have traditionally been placed. There is support for the monophyly of Macrolepidoptera when butterflies and Calliduloidea are excluded. The data suggest that the generally short diverging nodes between major groupings in basal non-tineoid Ditrysia are owing to their rapid radiation, presumably in correlation with the radiation of flowering plants.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 54%

Comprehensive gene and taxon coverage elucidates radiation patterns in moths and butterflies

2010

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“…I know of no formal cladistic analysis in insects including the character mating position, but a female-above position may by plesiomorphic for several orders including Blattaria, 'Homoptera', Mecoptera, Neuropterida, Orthoptera, Psocodea, and Siphonaptera (Huber et al 2007). On the other hand, symmetric genitalia have been shown to be plesiomorphic in several formal analyses (Nelson 1984;Asche 1985;Landry 1991;Gielis 1993;Hodges 1998;Morse and Yang 2002;Yang and Morse 2002;Hebsgaard et al 2004;Kaila 2004;Hsu and Powell 2005;Sihvonen 2005). In other cases, character mapping strongly suggests that asymmetry is derived (Orthoptera, Plecoptera, 'Homoptera', Heteroptera, Psocodea, Neuropterida, Trichoptera, Diptera, Lepidoptera; see Huber et al 2007 and references therein).…”

Section: Evidence For the Individual Stepsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Taxonomic studies need to be specific about the direction of asymmetry (directed, i.e., all males within a species are same-sided, versus bidirected); ethological studies need to be specific about the direction of mating positions (random sided versus one-sided); phylogenetic studies need to include both male and female asymmetries, as well as mating positions in the character matrix (provided there is variation within the studied taxon). Formal cladistic analyses including genital asymmetries are still rare (Nelson 1984;Asche 1985;Landry 1991;Gielis 1993;Hodges 1998;Morse and Yang 2002;Yang and Morse 2002;Hebsgaard et al 2004;Kaila 2004;Ahrens 2005;Hsu and Powell 2005;Sihvonen 2005;Hoch 2006). One reason may be that asymmetries often evolve many times independently at or near terminal branches.…”

Section: Testing the Scenariomentioning

confidence: 99%

Mating positions and the evolution of asymmetric insect genitalia

Huber

2008

Genetica

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Genital asymmetry is a recurring phenomenon in insect morphology and current data suggest that it has arisen multiple times independently in several neopteran orders. Various explanations have been proposed, including space constraints, ecological constraints, sexual selection via antagonistic coevolution, and sexual selection via changed mating positions. Each of these hypotheses may best explain individual cases, but only the last seems to account for the large majority of insect genital asymmetries. Here I summarize the basic assumptions and evolutionary steps implied in this model and review the evidence for each of them. Several components of this scenario can be easily tested, for example by including genital asymmetries and mating positions in phylogenetic analyses. Others require in-depth analyses of the function of asymmetric genital structures, targeted comparative analyses (e.g., of taxa with sex-role reversal, taxa with reversal to symmetry, etc.), and of female genital neuroanatomy.

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“…For study of wings and genitalia standard techniques given by Zimmerman (1978) and Robinson (1976), respectively, have been followed. To study the taxonomic descriptions on various morphological characters (Robinson 1976;Park 1995;Hodges 1998), wing venation (Common 1970;Zimmerman 1978) and external genitalia (Klots 1970), were consulted. Illustrations and diagrams were made using a Camera Lucida attached to a stereoscopic light microscope.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%