(?)?9 THC as an hypnotic

Cousens, Kenneth; Dimascio, Alberto

doi:10.1007/bf00437513

Cited by 75 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…In other studies, THC reduces time to sleep onset (16,–17), and indeed, individuals often report using cannabis to promote sleep (2). Our findings suggest that this increased somnolence may be offset by sleep disruptions in that the heaviest cannabis users report the poorest sleep quality.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 83%

Dose-dependent cannabis use, depressive symptoms, andFAAHgenotype predict sleep quality in emerging adults: a pilot study

Maple

McDaniel

Shollenbarger

et al. 2016

The American Journal of Drug and Alcohol Abuse

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Background Cannabis has been shown to affect sleep in humans. Findings from animal studies indicate that higher endocannabinoid levels promote sleep, suggesting that chronic use of cannabis, which downregulates endocannabinoid activity, may disrupt sleep. Objectives This study sought to determine if past year cannabis use and genes that regulate endocannabinoid signaling, FAAH rs324420 and CNR1 rs2180619, predicted sleep quality. As depression has been previously associated with both cannabis and sleep, the secondary aim was to determine if depressive symptoms moderated or mediated these relationships. Methods Data were collected from 41 emerging adult (ages 18–25) cannabis users. Exclusion criteria included Axis I disorders (besides SUD) and medical and neurologic disorders. Relationships were tested using multiple regressions, controlling for demographic variables, past year substance use, and length of cannabis abstinence. Results Greater past year cannabis use and FAAH C/C genotype were associated with poorer sleep quality. CNR1 genotype did not significantly predict sleep quality. Depressive symptoms moderated the relationship between cannabis use and sleep at a non-significant trend level, such that participants with the greatest cannabis use and most depressive symptoms reported the most impaired sleep. Depressive symptoms mediated the relationship between FAAH genotype and sleep quality. Conclusions This study demonstrates a dose-dependent relationship between chronic cannabis use and reported sleep quality, independent of abstinence length. Furthermore, it provides novel evidence that depressive symptoms mediate the relationship between FAAH genotype and sleep quality in humans. These findings suggest potential targets to impact sleep disruptions in cannabis users.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 83%

Dose-dependent cannabis use, depressive symptoms, andFAAHgenotype predict sleep quality in emerging adults: a pilot study

Maple

McDaniel

Shollenbarger

et al. 2016

The American Journal of Drug and Alcohol Abuse

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“…Studies examining the effect of cannabis on objective sleep measurements obtained either by an experienced observer rating sleep by polysomnography (PSG) largely confirm the subjective reports. For instance, an observer-rated study showed that administration of 10, 20, or 30 mg of THC decreased total time to fall asleep [ 60 ], and a PSG study showed both shorter sleep latency (SL) [ 150 ], and decreased time awake after sleep onset (WASO) [ 160 ]. However, other studies have not observed a decrease in sleep latency or wake time after sleep onset [ 75 ].…”

Section: Cannabismentioning

confidence: 99%

Sleep abnormalities associated with alcohol, cannabis, cocaine, and opiate use: a comprehensive review

Angarita

Emadi

Hodges

et al. 2016

Addict Sci Clin Pract

258

193

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Sleep abnormalities are associated with acute and chronic use of addictive substances. Although sleep complaints associated with use and abstinence from addictive substances are widely recognized, familiarity with the underlying sleep abnormalities is often lacking, despite evidence that these sleep abnormalities may be recalcitrant and impede good outcomes. Substantial research has now characterized the abnormalities associated with acute and chronic use of alcohol, cannabis, cocaine, and opiates. This review summarizes this research and discusses the clinical implications of sleep abnormalities in the treatment of substance use disorders.

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“…One of the most basic methods of classifying psychoactive substances is by acute effects on physiological arousal (See Table 1). For example, alcohol, benzodiazepines, nonbenzodiazepine hypnotics, cannabis, and opioids are associated with increased subjective reports of sedation and reduced latency to sleep onset following acute drug administration (Cousens & DiMascio, 1973; Dimsdale, Norman, DeJardin, & Wallace, 2007; Gorelick, et al, 2013; Mitler, Dawson, Henriksen, Sobers, & Bloom, 1988; Meyer & Quenzer, 2005; Morin, Jarvis, & Lynch, 2007; Wang & Teichtahl, 2007). In contrast, amphetamines, caffeine, cocaine, MDMA, nicotine, and serotinergic hallucinogens (e.g.…”

Section: Ptsd and Substance Use Directly Impact Sleepmentioning

confidence: 99%

Interactions between disordered sleep, post-traumatic stress disorder, and substance use disorders

Vandrey

Babson

Herrmann

et al. 2014

International Review of Psychiatry

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Disordered sleep is associated with a number of adverse health consequences and is an integral component of many psychiatric disorders. Rates of substance use disorders (SUDs) are markedly higher among individuals with posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), and this relationship may be partly mediated by disturbed sleep. Sleep disturbances (e.g. insomnia, daytime sleepiness, vivid nightmares) are hallmark features of PTSD and there is evidence that individuals with PTSD engage in substance use as a means of coping with these symptoms. However, prolonged substance use can lead to more severe sleep disturbances due to the development of tolerance and withdrawal. Behavioral or pharmacological treatment of disordered sleep is associated with improved daytime symptoms and psychosocial functioning among individuals who have developed PTSD. Initial research also suggests that improving sleep could be similarly beneficial in reducing coping oriented substance use and preventing relapse among those seeking treatment for SUDs. Together, these findings suggest that ameliorating sleep disturbance among at-risk individuals would be a viable target for the prevention and treatment of PTSD and associated SUDs, but prospective research is needed to examine this hypothesis. Enhanced understanding of the interrelation between sleep, PTSD, and SUDs may yield novel prevention and intervention approaches for these costly, prevalent and frequently co-occurring disorders.

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(?)?9 THC as an hypnotic

Cited by 75 publications

References 6 publications

Dose-dependent cannabis use, depressive symptoms, andFAAHgenotype predict sleep quality in emerging adults: a pilot study

Dose-dependent cannabis use, depressive symptoms, andFAAHgenotype predict sleep quality in emerging adults: a pilot study

Sleep abnormalities associated with alcohol, cannabis, cocaine, and opiate use: a comprehensive review

Interactions between disordered sleep, post-traumatic stress disorder, and substance use disorders

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