9 Tb/s Transmission Using 29 mW Optical Pump Power Per EDFA With 1.24 Tb/s/W Optical Power Efficiency Over 15,050 km

Cai, J.-X.; Vedala, Govind; Hu, Yue; Sinkin, O. V.; Bolshtyansky, Maxim; Foursa, D. G.; Pilipetskii, A.N.

doi:10.1109/jlt.2021.3130427

Cited by 8 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…We also verified that if the number of channels is doubled to 80 by decreasing the channel spacing to 50GHz, the top power efficiency is obtained at a similar value 13mW. The larger pump values at top power-efficiency reported in recent system experiments [4], [6] are probably mostly due to the fixed GFFs used at all pump power values in the experiments [6].…”

Section: Sparse-gff Linkssupporting

confidence: 74%

“…The reason is that the larger output powers in the N b = 3 block cause more nonlinear effects. Therefore it is only at the very low pump powers envisaged for SDM submarine links that removing some of the GFFs may become advantageous, as recently demonstrated in [4]. Fig.…”

Section: Sparse-gff Linksmentioning

confidence: 90%

“…1(bottom)). Since EDFA inversions in general differ from EDFA to EDFA in the block, the GFFs we consider are ideally tailored to each EDFA in the line, and to each pump and signal level, differently from experimental works where the GFF is tailored to a specific EDFA, pump, and signal power, and applied to all line EDFAs, also at different pump and signal powers [1], [4], [6]. As in [5], the EDFAs are numerically simulated by the homogeneouslybroadened Saleh gain model [7], enriched with ASE noise self-saturation [8], i.e., forward and backward ASE generated inside each EDFA over a broad bandwidth from 1470 to 1670 nm is considered for calculating each EDFA inversion.…”

Section: Gff Versus No-gff Blocks In Isolationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…At the 25mW pump, in a range of interest for SDM submarine links [4], [6], Fig. 7(a) shows for the above 287 span link the AIR versus TX power P c for various sparse-GFF block sizes N b = [1 : 7], with block-connecting GFF excess loss 0.3dB.…”

Section: Sparse-gff Linksmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In this context, there were reports based on machine-learning, where better power efficiency (i.e., capacity at EDFA fixed pump power) was achieved by partially removing the usual gain flattening filters (GFF) [1]- [3]. Recent experimental work also used a partial removal of GFFs [4]. A. Bononi, P. Serena, C. Lasagni and J. Tiburcio de Araujo are with the Dipartimento di Ingegneria e Architettura, Università di Parma, Parma 43124, Italy (corresponding author e-mail: alberto.bononi@unipr.it), and J.-C. Antona is with Alcatel Submarine Networks, Villarceaux, France.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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On Sparse Gain Flattening in Pump-Constrained Submarine Links

Bononi

Serena

Lasagni

et al. 2022

J. Lightwave Technol.

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Having in mind the capacity optimization of powerconstrained submarine links, by following the work in [1] we first compare the achievable information rate (AIR) of gainflattened and un-flattened blocks of N b ≤ 12 spans with span loss 16.5dB and with end-span single-stage co-pumped erbium-doped fiber amplifiers (EDFA) when the transmitted wavelength division multiplexed (WDM) channels all have the same transmitted power. All EDFAs have the same pump power and the same physical parameters. In the flattened case, each EDFA is followed by an ideal gain-flattening filter (GFF) that chops off the EDFA gain exceeding the span loss. No GFFs are used in the unflattended case. We show that, for block length N b > 7, at large-enough input power the AIR of the GFF block exceeds that of the no-GFF block, while for N b ≤ 7 at large input power the AIR is about the same. We next build a long submarine link by concatenating the N b -span no-GFF blocks, and placing a GFF at the last EDFA of each block in order to flatten the block gain down to the N b -span loss, and calculate the AIR of the resulting sparse-GFF submarine link, accounting also for nonlinear interference. For the 287-span case-study link with span loss 9.5dB used in [5], [9], we show that the best power efficiency is achieved by blocks of size N b = 6 (i.e., one GFF every 6 spans) when the pump is around 12 mW. When the GFF excess loss is 0.3dB the top-AIR gain over the standard all GFF system is 9.5%, a value that decreases to 4% when the excess loss is zero. Considering that modern submarine-grade GFFs have almost zero excess loss, and that the most efficient pump power is likely too low to operate with, we conclude that sparse-GFF links offer little advantage in practice over the current design.

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Section: Sparse-gff Linkssupporting

confidence: 74%

Section: Sparse-gff Linksmentioning

confidence: 90%

Section: Gff Versus No-gff Blocks In Isolationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Sparse-gff Linksmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

On Sparse Gain Flattening in Pump-Constrained Submarine Links

Bononi

Serena

Lasagni

et al. 2022

J. Lightwave Technol.

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High gain and low noise O+E bands fiber amplification based on hybrid bismuth-doped fiber

Yin,

Liu,

et al. 2024

Optics & Laser Technology

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Roadmap on optical communications

Agrell,

Karlsson,

Poletti

et al. 2024

J. Opt.

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The Covid-19 pandemic showed forcefully the fundamental importance broadband data communication and the internet has in our society. Optical communications forms the undisputable backbone of this critical infrastructure, and it is supported by an interdisciplinary research community striving to improve and develop it further. Since the first ‘Roadmap of optical communications’ was published in 2016, the field has seen significant progress in all areas, and time is ripe for an update of the research status. The optical communications area has become increasingly diverse, covering research in fundamental physics and materials science, high-speed electronics and photonics, signal processing and coding, and communication systems and networks. This roadmap describes state-of-the-art and future outlooks in the optical communications field. The article is divided into 20 sections on selected areas, each written by a leading expert in that area. The sections are thematically grouped into four parts with 4–6 sections each, covering, respectively, hardware, algorithms, networks and systems. Each section describes the current status, the future challenges, and development needed to meet said challenges in their area. As a whole, this roadmap provides a comprehensive and unprecedented overview of the contemporary optical communications research, and should be essential reading for researchers at any level active in this field.

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9 Tb/s Transmission Using 29 mW Optical Pump Power Per EDFA With 1.24 Tb/s/W Optical Power Efficiency Over 15,050 km

Cited by 8 publications

References 26 publications

On Sparse Gain Flattening in Pump-Constrained Submarine Links

On Sparse Gain Flattening in Pump-Constrained Submarine Links

High gain and low noise O+E bands fiber amplification based on hybrid bismuth-doped fiber

Roadmap on optical communications

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