9 Chitin Synthesis and Fungal Cell Morphogenesis

Roncero, César; Sánchez‐Díaz, Alberto; Valdivieso, M.‐Henar

doi:10.1007/978-3-319-27790-5_9

Cited by 15 publications

(27 citation statements)

References 148 publications

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“…pombe has the simplest form of exomer S. pombe is a model yeast whose cell wall is mainly composed of glucans instead of chitin, and lacks homologs to all of the known exomer cargoes: the Family 2 chitin synthase Chs3, Fus1, and Pin2 Snyder 1997, 2003;Ziman et al 1998;Barfield et al 2009;Ritz et al 2014;Roncero et al 2016). In spite of this, S. pombe bears a gene similar to CHS5 (named cfr1 + , after chs five related; Cartagena-Lirola et al 2006).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…According to PomBase (www.pombase.org/), the ORF SPBC31F10.16 is the only S. pombe gene coding for a protein with sequence similarity to the ChAPs. We named this gene bch1 + because Bch1 is a conserved ChAP (Sanchatjate and Schekman 2006;Trautwein et al 2006;Roncero et al 2016).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Although Bch1 can be identified in Mycetozoa, red algae, and ciliates, sequences similar to exomer components are mostly represented in fungi that make chitin (Trautwein et al 2006;Roncero et al 2016). However, it is possible that other protein complexes sharing architectural characteristics with exomer may exist and play an equivalent role in protein trafficking from the TGN/EEs to the PM/PVC in other organisms.…”

Section: Evolutionary Relationship Between Exomer and Other Adaptorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Assuming that S. pombe exomer would have the same structure described in budding yeast (Paczkowski and Fromme 2014), the complex would be a heterotetramer composed by two Cfr1 and two Bch1 molecules. Exomer would have evolved to originate 2-ChAP and 4-ChAP complexes in different fungi (Roncero et al 2016). In S. cerevisiae, the presence of four ChAPs would have allowed a functional specialization of these proteins into the complex, and the recognition of a subset of specific transmembrane cargoes.…”

Section: Evolutionary Relationship Between Exomer and Other Adaptorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Additionally, protein complexes with similar architecture might exist in other organisms. While S. cerevisiae has four ChAPs, other organisms have either two or a single ChAP (Roncero et al 2016). With the aim of gaining additional information about exomer, we have studied it in the distantly-related yeast Schizosaccharomyces pombe, which lacks chitin and bears a Chs5 homolog (Cfr1, Cartagena-Lirola et al 2006) and one ChAP (Bch1).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Traffic Through the Trans-Golgi Network and the Endosomal System Requires Collaboration Between Exomer and Clathrin Adaptors in Fission Yeast

et al. 2017

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Despite its biological and medical relevance, traffic from the Golgi to the plasma membrane (PM) is one of the least understood steps of secretion. Exomer is a protein complex that mediates the trafficking of certain cargoes from the trans-Golgi network/early endosomes to the PM in budding yeast. Here, we show that in Schizosaccharomyces pombe the Cfr1 and Bch1 proteins constitute the simplest form of an exomer. Cfr1 co-immunoprecipitates with Assembly Polypeptide adaptor 1 (AP-1), AP-2, and Golgi-localized, gamma-adaptin ear domain homology, ARF-binding (GGA) subunits, and cfr1 + interacts genetically with AP-1 and GGA genes. Exomer-defective cells exhibit multiple mild defects, including alterations in the morphology of Golgi stacks and the distribution of the synaptobrevin-like Syb1 protein, carboxypeptidase missorting, and stress sensitivity. S. pombe apm1D cells exhibit a defect in trafficking through the early endosomes that is severely aggravated in the absence of exomer. apm1D cfr1D cells exhibit a dramatic disorganization of intracellular compartments, including massive accumulation of electron-dense tubulovesicular structures. While the trans-Golgi network/early endosomes are severely disorganized in the apm1D cfr1D strain, gga21D gga22D cfr1D cells exhibit a significant disturbance of the prevacuolar/vacuolar compartments. Our findings show that exomer collaborates with clathrin adaptors in trafficking through diverse cellular compartments, and that this collaboration is important to maintain their integrity. These results indicate that the effect of eliminating exomer is more pervasive than that described to date, and suggest that exomer complexes might participate in diverse steps of vesicle transport in other organisms.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Evolutionary Relationship Between Exomer and Other Adaptorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Evolutionary Relationship Between Exomer and Other Adaptorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Traffic Through the Trans-Golgi Network and the Endosomal System Requires Collaboration Between Exomer and Clathrin Adaptors in Fission Yeast

et al. 2017

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Morphological regulation of Aspergillus niger to improve citric acid production by chsC gene silencing

Sun

Zhao

et al. 2018

Bioprocess Biosyst Eng

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The mycelial morphology of Aspergillus niger, a major filamentous fungus used for citric acid production, is important for citric acid synthesis during submerged fermentation. To investigate the involvement of the chitin synthase gene, chsC, in morphogenesis and citric acid production in A. niger, an RNAi system was constructed to silence chsC and the morphological mutants were screened after transformation. The compactness of the mycelial pellets was obviously reduced in the morphological mutants, with lower proportion of dispersed mycelia. These morphological changes have caused a decrease in viscosity and subsequent improvement in oxygen and mass transfer efficiency, which may be conducive for citric acid accumulation. All the transformants exhibited improvements in citric acid production; in particular, chsC-3 showed 42.6% higher production than the original strain in the shake flask. Moreover, the high-yield strain chsC-3 exhibited excellent citric acid production potential in the scale-up process.The citric acid yield and the conversion rate of glucose of chsC-3 were both improved by 3.6%, when compared with that of the original strain in the stirred tank bioreactor.

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