9.9 Suspended Load

Kuhnle, Roger A.

doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-374739-6.00234-7

Cited by 5 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 56 publications

(50 reference statements)

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“…This relationship makes sense as CPOM generally has a low density and is therefore easily entrained by flow at a wide range of velocities. The greater mass of CPOM at 0.6 depth compared to the surface may reflect a decrease in CPOM concentration with distance from the bed, analogous to that commonly observed in suspended sediment (Kuhnle, 2013). The difference in suspended CPOM mass with depth may also reflect experimental design.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 80%

Seasonal and diurnal fluctuations of coarse particulate organic matter transport in a snowmelt‐dominated stream

Marshall

Iskin

Wohl

2021

River Research & Apps

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We measured coarse particulate organic matter (CPOM) transport along a wood-rich, pool-riffle mountain stream in the Southern Rockies of Colorado, USA, to examine how spatial variations in storage features and temporal variations in discharge influence the transport of CPOM. Ecologists have found that the majority of annual CPOM export occurs during periods of high discharge. More recently, geomorphologists have begun to examine the transport of CPOM as bedload. There has been, however, little direct sampling of CPOM to evaluate how shorter (diurnal) and longer (seasonal peak flow) variations in discharge affect CPOM transport, and no examination of where CPOM is transported in the water column (primarily in suspension or as bedload). We collected CPOM moving as bedload, in suspension (at 0.6 of the flow depth) and at the surface to evaluate CPOM transport processes. Samples were collected at three sites: (1) in the backwater pool upstream from a channel-spanning logjam; (2) immediately downstream from the logjam; and (3) in a riffle about 10 bankfull-channel-widths downstream from any channel-spanning logjams. During sample sets, we collected samples over 15-min increments at approximately 4-hr intervals over a 24-hr period. Seven sample sets were distributed over a period of 2 months that spanned the rise, peak, and recession of the annual snowmelt flood.We found that the majority of CPOM is transported in suspension following a clockwise hysteresis loop in which CPOM peaks prior to discharge during the seasonal hydrograph.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 80%

Seasonal and diurnal fluctuations of coarse particulate organic matter transport in a snowmelt‐dominated stream

Marshall

Iskin

Wohl

2021

River Research & Apps

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“…The SSC (g l −1 ) indicates the average sediment mass that each unit of river water transports in the water column at a given time, so it reflects well the upstream erosive processes, such as storms (Tramblay et al., 2008), earthquakes (Tolorza et al., 2019), landslides (Vergara et al., 2022) and snow and ice melt (Mao & Carrillo, 2017). Suspended sediment is usually classified into particles greater than 65 μm, that can come from river bed and their transport depends on stream velocity, and particles smaller than 65 μm, that have an insignificant presence in river bed and their transport is almost independent of stream velocity (they are deposited in lakes and reservoirs where water velocity is low, i.e., 0.15–0.2 m s −1 ; Basile, 2018; Kuhnle, 2013). The latter fraction of suspended sediment is originated from river banks, hillslopes and glacier deposits (correspond to the largest fraction of the glacier‐deposited sediment, known as till).…”

Section: Datamentioning

confidence: 99%

Sharp Increase of Extreme Turbidity Events Due To Deglaciation in the Subtropical Andes

Vergara

Garreaud

2022

JGR Earth Surface

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High mountain environments have the greatest planetary erosion rates, mainly due to their steep slopes, geology and harsh climate, including low temperatures and often high precipitation rates (Willenbring et al., 2013). In these environments, glacier erosion has been one of the most important processes during the late Cenozoic, shaping the landscape through the abrasion and plucking generated by the ice flow (Herman et al., 2021). Sediments generated here are evacuated through rivers and wind. The environmental role of the sediments that rivers carry is crucial for the evolution of downstream landforms, nutrients flux and river and coastal ecosystems health (e.g.,

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“…The particle size distribution curves of suspended sediment were then compared with that of channel bed materials to separate wash and bed material loads. Three criteria of hydraulic engineers (Woo et al 1986;Kuhnle 2013), Einstein method (Einstein 1950;Julien 2009) and lower limit of sediment particles in channel material (Poplawski et al 1989) were used for the sediment load separation. In hydraulic and sediment transport engineering, the diameter limit of 63 microns (boundary between sand and silt) was considered as border between wash load and bed material load (Woo et al 1986;Kuhnle 2013).…”

Section: Data Analyses and Separation Of Sedimentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Three criteria of hydraulic engineers (Woo et al 1986;Kuhnle 2013), Einstein method (Einstein 1950;Julien 2009) and lower limit of sediment particles in channel material (Poplawski et al 1989) were used for the sediment load separation. In hydraulic and sediment transport engineering, the diameter limit of 63 microns (boundary between sand and silt) was considered as border between wash load and bed material load (Woo et al 1986;Kuhnle 2013). In other words, the sediment particles larger than 63 microns in diameter were supposed as bed material load and particles smaller than 63 microns were considered as wash load.…”

Section: Data Analyses and Separation Of Sedimentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Partitioning and analyzing temporal variability of wash and bed material loads in a forest watershed in Iran

Sadeghi

Zakeri

2015

J Earth Syst Sci

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The amount of transported material from a hillslope or channel, mirrors the watershed health, which needs to be quantified. However, the contribution of different sediment sources to sediment load has not been adequately studied. In this study, 24 samples of suspended load, bed load and channel material were taken biweekly for a period of one year from the Kojour River of the Educational and Research Forest Watershed of Tarbiat Modares University in Iran. The suspended sediment concentration and particle-size distribution were determined. The total sediment load was then partitioned into bed load, wash load and suspended bed material load based on three criteria: (i) the upper limit of 63 micron, (ii) the Einstein method, and (iii) the lower limit of sediment particles in the channel material. The results suggested a significant contribution of wash load compared to suspended bed material and bed loads ratio of 96.8, 2.65 and 0.55%, respectively. The ratio of suspended bed material load to wash load varied from 13.12% (the maximum) in winter to 11.02, 2.70 and 0.91% in autumn, spring and summer, respectively. The results also showed the effects of flow discharge on different components of sediment loads. While, the flow discharge significantly affected bed load and wash load with respective correlation coefficients (r) of 0.520 and 0.464

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9.9 Suspended Load

Cited by 5 publications

References 56 publications

Seasonal and diurnal fluctuations of coarse particulate organic matter transport in a snowmelt‐dominated stream

Seasonal and diurnal fluctuations of coarse particulate organic matter transport in a snowmelt‐dominated stream

Sharp Increase of Extreme Turbidity Events Due To Deglaciation in the Subtropical Andes

Partitioning and analyzing temporal variability of wash and bed material loads in a forest watershed in Iran

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