9.28 Bedrock Rivers

Whipple, K.; DiBiase, Roman A.; Crosby, B. T.

doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-374739-6.00254-2

Cited by 214 publications

(247 citation statements)

References 132 publications

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“…A range of θ between about 0.4 and 0.7 has been found under relatively homogeneous conditions (e.g., Whipple, 2004;Whipple et al, 2013), while a wider range from less than 0.2 in steep headwater channels to more than 1 in some alluvial channels has been reported (Brummer and Montgomery, 2003;Montgomery, 2001;Sofia et al, 2015). Apparent variations in θ may also arise from spatial inhomogeneity or non-steady topography.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…Although called erodibility, K not only refers to the properties of the channel bed but also contains the effect of precipitation, as the erosion rate in principle depends on the discharge instead of the catchment size. Physically based models of bedrock incision suggest that the concavity index θ of a steady-state bedrock river under homogeneous conditions depends not only on the constitutive laws of the erosion process but also on the crosssectional geometry of the channels (e.g., Whipple, 2004;Whipple et al, 2013;Lague, 2014). This explains some variation in θ around the value θ ≈ 0.5 originally found by Hack (1957) or around the reference value θ ref = 0.45 being widely assumed for perfect bedrock channels under homogenous steady-state conditions (Whipple et al, 2013;Lague, 2014).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Tectonic geomorphology at small catchment sizes – extensions of the stream-power approach and the <i>χ</i> method

2016

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Abstract. Quantitative tectonic geomorphology hinges on the analysis of longitudinal river profiles. The model behind almost all approaches in this field originates from an empirical relationship between channel slope and catchment size, often substantiated in the form of the stream-power model for fluvial incision. Significant methodological progress was recently achieved by introducing the χ transform. It defines a nonlinear length coordinate in such a way that the inherent curvature of river profiles due to the increase of catchment sizes in the downstream direction is removed from the analysis. However, the limitation to large catchment sizes inherited from the stream-power approach for fluvial incision persists. As a consequence, only a small fraction of all nodes of a digital elevation model (DEM) can be used for the analysis. In this study we present and discuss some empirically derived extensions of the stream power law towards small catchment sizes in order to overcome this limitation. Beyond this, we introduce a simple method for estimating the adjustable parameters in the original χ method as well as in our extended approaches. As a main result, an approach originally suggested for debris flow channels seems to be the best approximation if both large and small catchment sizes are included in the same analysis.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tectonic geomorphology at small catchment sizes – extensions of the stream-power approach and the <i>χ</i> method

2016

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“…Rivers play a dominant role in the topographic evolution of the Earth surface and possibly other planetary bodies (Hack, 1957;Howard, 1998;Whipple et al, 2013). They transfer sediment from mountains to depositional basins, set the base level for hillslopes, and convey tectonic and climatic signals across landscapes.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The geometry of a river, specifically its longitudinal profile, reflects climatic and tectonic forcing, variations in base level and sediment transport processes, and differences in bedrock erodibility. Gradients along rivers, for example, reflect spatial variations in uplift rates (Whipple et al, 2013;Mudd et al, 2014;Scherler et al, 2014) and indicate the extent of past glaciations (Brardinoni and Hassan, 2006). Moreover, they can act as predictors for the zones of erosion and sediment accumulation during extreme events (Devrani et al, 2015) and reflect the repeated impact of mass-wasting events (Korup, 2006).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bumps in river profiles: uncertainty assessment and smoothing using quantile regression techniques

2017

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Abstract. The analysis of longitudinal river profiles is an important tool for studying landscape evolution. However, characterizing river profiles based on digital elevation models (DEMs) suffers from errors and artifacts that particularly prevail along valley bottoms. The aim of this study is to characterize uncertainties that arise from the analysis of river profiles derived from different, near-globally available DEMs. We devised new algorithmsquantile carving and the CRS algorithm -that rely on quantile regression to enable hydrological correction and the uncertainty quantification of river profiles. We find that globally available DEMs commonly overestimate river elevations in steep topography. The distributions of elevation errors become increasingly wider and right skewed if adjacent hillslope gradients are steep. Our analysis indicates that the AW3D DEM has the highest precision and lowest bias for the analysis of river profiles in mountainous topography. The new 12 m resolution TanDEM-X DEM has a very low precision, most likely due to the combined effect of steep valley walls and the presence of water surfaces in valley bottoms. Compared to the conventional approaches of carving and filling, we find that our new approach is able to reduce the elevation bias and errors in longitudinal river profiles.

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“…These authors conducted exhaustive reviews with regard to the hydraulic driving forces, physical resistances of the substrate and morphological features. As previously noted by Wohl (1998) and Whipple, DiBiase, & Crosby (2013), the natural occurrence of these sculpted forms is particularly interesting to illustrate the general implications of the fluvial erosion dynamic process on the river channel incision and landscape evolution.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 92%

Fluvial Erosion Characterisation in the Juqueriquerê River Channel, Caraguatatuba, Brazil

Velázquez¹,

Portela²,

Sobrinho³

et al. 2016

ESR

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The Juqueriquerê River channel was formed in a Precambrian crystalline basement. The lithological association is largely composed of ancient metamorphic and igneous rocks, with several overlapping tectonic episodes. Field surveys along the upper and middle course allowed for cataloguing a wide variety of fluvial erosion features. A sizable amount of morphological features have been sculpted on different types of rocks, including furrows, potholes, percussion marks, polishing and smoothing boulders as the most representative. The sizes and shapes of these scour marks are also diverse, and their study has provided important results for better understanding the erosive processes. Given their wide variety, the erosive morphological features offer an excellent opportunity to explore the mechanisms of fluvial erosion and evaluate their effective capacity to remove cobbles and boulders in bedrock river systems.

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9.28 Bedrock Rivers

Cited by 214 publications

References 132 publications

Tectonic geomorphology at small catchment sizes – extensions of the stream-power approach and the <i>χ</i> method

Tectonic geomorphology at small catchment sizes – extensions of the stream-power approach and the <i>χ</i> method

Bumps in river profiles: uncertainty assessment and smoothing using quantile regression techniques

Fluvial Erosion Characterisation in the Juqueriquerê River Channel, Caraguatatuba, Brazil

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9.28 Bedrock Rivers

Cited by 214 publications

References 132 publications

Tectonic geomorphology at small catchment sizes – extensions of the stream-power approach and the &lt;i&gt;χ&lt;/i&gt; method

Tectonic geomorphology at small catchment sizes – extensions of the stream-power approach and the &lt;i&gt;χ&lt;/i&gt; method

Bumps in river profiles: uncertainty assessment and smoothing using quantile regression techniques

Fluvial Erosion Characterisation in the Juqueriquerê River Channel, Caraguatatuba, Brazil

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Tectonic geomorphology at small catchment sizes – extensions of the stream-power approach and the <i>χ</i> method

Tectonic geomorphology at small catchment sizes – extensions of the stream-power approach and the <i>χ</i> method