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Abstract

Heavy metals are major contributors of aquatic pollution. Among them lead is a purely toxic heavy metal widely used in different industries and causes serious damage to aquatic animals like fish. The present study has been undertaken to explore the toxic effects of lead on kidney of fish Cirrhinus mrigala and to detect the spectral biochemical and surface morphological changes. The biochemical changes after lead exposure are studied by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) and Optical absorbance, the currently used method of monitoring animal tissue and their components.The surface morphology of kidney is studied by field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM). The present study gives a better understanding of lead toxicity to fish.