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Deshpande, Amar; Garud, T; Holt, Simon

doi:10.1186/1477-7819-3-1

Cited by 27 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 25 publications

(16 reference statements)

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“…It has been estimated globally that each year ~1-2 million people die from HBV related complications such as chronic hepatitis, cirrhosis hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) [2-8]. HBV is endemic in the Pakistani population with a rate of 3% HBV carriers in the country.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The prevalence of HBV infection in the cohort of IDPs of war against terrorism in Malakand Division of Northern Pakistan

et al. 2011

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BackgroundHepatitis B is an important public health problem in the Pakistani population and is the major cause of chronic hepatitis, cirrhosis, fibrosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. High prevalence of HBV infections has been observed especially in areas of low economic status. In spite of effective immunization programs, no significant change has been observed in the epidemiology of HBV in the rural areas of Pakistan (~67.5% of the total population) mainly due to lack of interest from government authorities and poor hygienic measures. The current study was aimed at estimating the prevalence and risk factors associated with HBV infection within internally displaced persons (IDPs) due to war against terrorism in the Malakand Division of Northern Pakistan.MethodsBlood samples from 950 IDPs suspected with HBV infection (including both males and females) were collected and processed with commercial ELISA kits for HBsAg, Anti HBs, HBeAg, Anti HBe antibodies. The samples positive by ELISA were confirmed for HBV DNA by real-time PCR analysis.ResultsThe overall prevalence of HBV observed was 21.05% of which 78.5% were males and 21.5% were females. Most confirmed HBV patients belong to the Malakand and Dir (lower) district. High-risk of infection was found in the older subjects 29.13% (46-60 years), while a lower incidence (11.97%) was observed in children aged <15 years. Lack of awareness, socioecomic conditions, sexual activities and sharing of razor blades, syringes and tattooing needles were the most common risk factors of HBV infection observed during the cohort of patients.ConclusionThe present study, revealed for the first time a high degree of prevalence of HBV infection in rural areas of Northern Pakistan. The noticed prevalence is gender- and age-dependent that might be due to their high exposures to the common risk factors. To avoid the transmission of HBV infection proper awareness about the possible risk factors and extension of immunization to the rural areas are recommended.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The prevalence of HBV infection in the cohort of IDPs of war against terrorism in Malakand Division of Northern Pakistan

et al. 2011

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“…Despite reports suggesting that chronic carriers of HBV/HDV have a 3-fold increased risk of HCC, and develop HCC approximately 14 years earlier than carriers of HBV only, there is no consensus opinion on the relationship between HDV infection and liver cancer. The molecular basis of HDV pathogenesis is poorly understood, and the role of HDV in HCC induction/development has yet to be elucidated (1, 5–6, 10–13). …”

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confidence: 99%

Hepatitis delta virus infects the cells of hepadnavirus-induced hepatocellular carcinoma in woodchucks

et al. 2012

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Hepatitis delta virus (HDV) is a natural subviral agent of human hepatitis B virus (HBV). HDV enhances liver damage during concomitant infection with HBV. The molecular pathogenesis of HDV infection remains poorly understood. To advance our understanding of the relationship between HDV infection and liver cancer, it was determined whether HDV could infect in vivo the cells of hepadnavirus-induced hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Woodchucks that were chronically infected with HBV-related woodchuck hepatitis virus (WHV) and already developed HCCs were used as an experimental model. The locations of HCCs within the livers were determined using ultrasound imaging followed by open surgery. One week after surgery, the WHV carrier woodchucks were super-infected with WHV-enveloped HDV (wHDV). Six weeks later, the animals were sacrificed and HDV replication in normal liver tissues and in center masses of HCCs was evidenced by Northern analysis, real-time PCR assay and immunohistochemistry. Based on accumulation levels of HDV RNAs and numbers of infected cells, the efficiency of wHDV infection appears to be comparable in most HCCs and normal liver tissues Conclusion Cells of WHV-induced HCCs are susceptible to HDV infection in vivo, and therefore express functional putative WHV receptors and support the steps of the attachment/entry governed by the hepadnavirus envelope proteins. Since others previously hypothesized that hepadnavirus-induced HCCs are resistant to re-infection with a hepadnavirus in vivo, our data suggest that if such a resistance exists, it likely occurs via a block at the post-entry step. The demonstrated ability of HDV to infect already formed HCCs may facilitate development of novel strategies further dissecting the mechanism of liver pathogenesis associated with HDV infection.

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“…1). Finally, 22 reports were left in this meta-analysis, including one of oral cavity, [32] 1 of lung, [33] 1 of lymphocyte, [34] 2 of kidney, [35,36] 2 of bladder, [37,38] 2 of skin, [39,40] 2 of colon, [41,42] 3 of ovary, [43–45] 3 of liver [46–48] and 5 of breast. [49–53] In total, 2843 patients were enrolled in this meta-analysis, with 1517 cases in the MT negative/low group and 1326 cases in the MT high group (Table 1).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Thirdly, the expression of MTs was dramatically higher at night than in the day, [60,61] which meant unavoidable sampling errors. Fourthly, too few sample size in some studies [35,36,44,53] might lead a significant statistical type I error. Fifthly, all the HRs referred in the meta-analysis were calculated from survival curves, which might be less reliable than the actual HRs.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Metallothioneins may be a potential prognostic biomarker for tumors

Wang

Xin²,

Lin³

et al. 2018

Medicine

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Background:Metallothioneins (MTs) were reported to be associated with many kinds of tumors’ prognosis, although MTs expression varied greatly among tumors. To assess the prognostic value of Metallothioneins (MTs) in different kinds of tumors, comprehensive literature search was conducted to perform a meta-analysis.Methods:Eligible studies were identified by PubMed, MEDLINE, Web of Science (WOS), the Cochrane Library of Systematic Reviews, EMBASE, China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), WANFANG database and SinoMed database up to December 2017, which was designed to assess the prognostic value of MTs in different kinds of tumors. The main endpoint events were overall survival (OS) and disease-free survival (DFS). Hazard ratios (HRs) and its variance were retrieved from the original studies directly or calculated using Engauge Digitizer version 4.1. Random or fixed effects model meta-analysis was employed depending on the heterogeneity. Publication bias was evaluated by funnel plots, Begg and Egger tests.Results:A total of 22 studies were enrolled in this meta-analysis, including 2843 tumor tissues (1517 were MTs negative/low, and 1326 were MTs high). Results showed that there was significant association between MTs expression and tumors’ OS (HR = 1.60; 95%CI 1.34∼1.92, P < .00001). Subgroup analysis showed that high level of MTs expression was associated with prolonged OS in liver cancer (HR = 0.65, 95%CI 0.48∼0.89, P = .007), but it was on the contrary in the tumor of ovary (HR = 1.47, 95%CI 1.01∼2.14, P = .04), bladder (HR = 1.71, 95%CI 1.21∼2.42, P = .002), intestine (HR = 3.13, 95%CI 1.97∼4.97, P < .00001), kidney (HR = 3.31, 95%CI 1.61∼6.79, P = .001). However, there was no significant association between MTs expression and OS in breast (HR = 1.02, 95%CI 0.69∼1.51, P = .93).Conclusions:MTs could be taken as a potential prognostic biomarker for tumors, and uniqueness of MTs prognostic value in liver cancer deserved further study.

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Cited by 27 publications

References 25 publications

The prevalence of HBV infection in the cohort of IDPs of war against terrorism in Malakand Division of Northern Pakistan

The prevalence of HBV infection in the cohort of IDPs of war against terrorism in Malakand Division of Northern Pakistan

Hepatitis delta virus infects the cells of hepadnavirus-induced hepatocellular carcinoma in woodchucks

Metallothioneins may be a potential prognostic biomarker for tumors

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