850a The treatment-naive microbiome in early-onset Crohn's Disease

Gevers, Dirk; Kugathasan, Subra; Denson, Lee A.; Vázquez-Baeza, Yoshiki; Treuren, Will Van; Ren, Boyu; Schwager, Emma; Knights, Dan; Song, Se Jin; Yassour, Moran; Morgan, Xochitl C.; Kostić, Aleksandar; Luo, Chengwei; González, A. Gustavo; McDonald, Daniel; Haberman, Yael; Walters, Thomas D.; Baker, Susan S.; Rosh, Joel R.; Stephens, Michael C.; Heyman, Melvin B.; Markowitz, James; Baldassano, Robert N.; Griffiths, Anne M.; Sylvester, Francisco; Mack, David R.; Kim, Sandra; Crandall, Wallace; Hyams, Jeffrey S.; Huttenhower, Curtis; Knight, Rob; Xavier, Ramnik J.

doi:10.1016/s0016-5085(14)60512-6

Cited by 87 publications

(141 citation statements)

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“…Oscillospira, Ruminococcaceae (clostridial cluster IV) and Lachnospiraceae (cluster XIVa) are also butyrate producers, an important source of energy for gut epithelial cells, and they maintain epithelial barrier integrity, the loss of which can result in diarrhoea [44,45]. All of these taxa are reduced in abundance during various diseases such as in Crohn's disease [26,46]. At the same time, an increase of OTUs from taxa that harbour potential pathogens, such as Haemophilus, Enterobacteriaceae, and Peptostreptococcaceae, have been noted in AstV+ young bats.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Astrovirus infections induce age-dependent dysbiosis in gut microbiomes of bats

Wasimuddin

Brändel

Tschapka

et al. 2018

ISME J

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Astroviruses (AstV) are a major cause of diarrhoea in children. Interestingly, some wildlife species, including bats, remain phenotypically asymptomatic after infection. Disease symptoms, however, may only be less visible in bats and enteric viruses may indeed perturb their gut microbial communities. Gut microbiomes represent an important driver of immune defence mechanisms but potential effects of enteric virus-host microbiome interactions are largely unexplored. Using bats as a natural model system, we show that AstV-infections affect the gut microbiome, with the strength of the effect depending on host age. The gut microbial α- and β-diversity and the predicted microbial functional orthologs decreased in young bats but surprisingly increased in adult AstV + bats. The abundance of bacterial taxa characteristic for healthy microbiomes was strongly reduced in young AstV+ bats, possibly attributable to their immature immune system. Regardless of age, pathogen-containing genera exhibited negative interactions with several commensal taxa and increased after AstV-infection, leading to pathobiont-like shifts in the gut microbiome of all infected bats. Thus, in apparently healthy bats, AstV-infections disturb gut bacterial homeostasis, possibly increasing previously suppressed health risks by promoting co-infections. If similar processes are present in humans, the effects of enteric virus infections might have longer-term impacts extending beyond the directly observed symptoms.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Haemophilus is a well-known bacterial genus that harbours many pathogenic species such as H. influenzae, which shows an increased presence in gut diseases (e.g. Crohn's disease; [46]) or after influenza virus infection [47]. The family of Enterobacteriaceae harbour many pathogenic and commensal species (e.g.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Astrovirus infections induce age-dependent dysbiosis in gut microbiomes of bats

Wasimuddin

Brändel

Tschapka

et al. 2018

ISME J

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“…It is increased after FMT surgery, but dropped in the treatment complete. But it is reported that the young Crohn's patients has increased abundance in the species Pasteurellaceae [7]. It is indicated that Pasteurellaceae might be play underlying role for aberrant immune responses to intestinal microbiota, but more study is needed.…”

Section: The Dynamic Changes Of Fecal Microbiota Community After Fmtmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The microbiota community studies in CDI indicated that compared with healthy controls, the patients had an initial CDI appears a progressive decrease in species diversity and reduction of Bacteroidetes and Firmicutes phylum in their fecal samples [3]. A larger cohort study of pediatric Crohn's Disease imply that a set of microorganism taxa associated with disease status, it is might be a bacterial biomarker for early diagnosis [7]. Fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) is transplantation of a fecal suspension from a healthy donor into the gastrointestinal tract of patient, and to reestablish the balance of intestinal microbiota community of patient.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Gut microbiota community adaption during young children fecal microbiota transplantation by 16s rDNA sequencing

Gu¹,

Wang

Liu³

et al. 2016

Neurocomputing

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“…Research has revealed that the human microbiome is intimately linked to our physiology through the metabolism of bile acids (4), choline (5), and key metabolites such as short-chain fatty acids (6,7), which are also involved in immune system maturation (8,9). The human microbiota is plausibly related to diseases such as type 2 diabetes (10), cardiovascular disease (11), irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) (12), and Crohn's disease (13) and some afflictions like obesity (14,15) and malnutrition (16), as well as many other diseases (17). Current studies have revealed that gut microbes also influence brain function and behavior and are related to neurological disorders like Alzheimer's disease through the gut-brain axis (18,19).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Health and disease imprinted in the time variability of the human microbiome

Martí¹,

Martínez²,

Pena³

et al. 2015

Preprint

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The animal microbiota (including the human microbiota) plays an important role in keeping the physiological status of the host healthy. Research seeks greater insight into whether changes in the composition and function of the microbiota are associated with disease. We analyzed published 16S rRNA and shotgun metagenomic sequencing (SMS) data pertaining to the gut microbiotas of 99 subjects monitored over time. Temporal fluctuations in the microbial composition revealed significant differences due to factors such as dietary changes, antibiotic intake, age, and disease. This article shows that a fluctuation scaling law can describe the temporal changes in the gut microbiota. This law estimates the temporal variability of the microbial population and quantitatively characterizes the path toward disease via a noise-induced phase transition. Estimation of the systemic parameters may be of clinical utility in follow-up studies and have more general applications in fields where it is important to know whether a given community is stable or not. IMPORTANCEThe human microbiota correlates closely with the health status of its host. This article analyzes the microbial composition of several subjects under different conditions over time spans that ranged from days to months. Using the Langevin equation as the basis of our mathematical framework to evaluate microbial temporal stability, we proved that stable microbiotas can be distinguished from unstable microbiotas. This initial step will help us to determine how temporal microbiota stability is related to a subject's health status and to develop a more comprehensive framework that will provide greater insight into this complex system.

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850a The treatment-naive microbiome in early-onset Crohn's Disease

Cited by 87 publications

References 0 publications

Astrovirus infections induce age-dependent dysbiosis in gut microbiomes of bats

Astrovirus infections induce age-dependent dysbiosis in gut microbiomes of bats

Gut microbiota community adaption during young children fecal microbiota transplantation by 16s rDNA sequencing

Health and disease imprinted in the time variability of the human microbiome

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