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Behaviour of nutrients released from crystalline minerals of artificial potassium silicate fertilizer and their supply to the Japanese mustard spinach (Brassica rapa var. perviridis)

“…For example, Yao et al (2003) and Santos et al (2016) reported high potassium-use efficiency (75%) in the case of fused and calcined potassium silicate. In the present study, potassium-use efficiency in the treatment of PSF (21%: Table 4) was low compared with those in other studies (Ahmed et al, 2010;Santos et al, 2016;Selladurai & Purakayastha, 2016;Yao et al, 2003). Japanese mustard spinach is a leafy vegetable with a short cultivation period (within a month).…”

“…The quantitative relationship between both percentages shows that a part of potassium in kalsilite is gradually released from PSF and taken up by the plant. In previous studies, the mineralogical composition, percentage of potassium released, and potassium-use efficiency of PSF have been investigated (Ando et al, 1987;Santos et al, 2016;Wu & Liu, 2007;Yao et al, 2003Yao et al, , 2005; however, the question of which potassium-containing mineral is used by plant has not been addressed. To the best of our knowledge, this study provides the first experimental evidence that AC-and CA20-extractable potassium, that is, potassium in potassium-magnesium silicate, is rapidly released from PSF and is readily available for the plant even in a short cultivation period.…”

“…The improvement of potassium-use efficiency and utilization of alternative potassium materials are counterplans for effective potassium use. The use of slow-release potassium fertilizer and split application of potassium fertilizer could enhance potassium-use efficiency (Corrêa et al, 2018;Santos et al, 2016;Wu & Liu, 2007;Yao et al, 2003); however, compared with nitrogen and phosphorus, the improvement of potassium-use efficiency has not been a major focus of studies (Roberts, 2008;Zörb et al, 2014). An understanding of how potassium is released from fertilizers and supplied to plants via soil is important for the further improvement of potassium nutrient efficiency.…”

“…Thus, the rate of nutrient release, including potassium, calcium, and magnesium, in PSF is time-dependent. As a result, PSF can slowly release nutrients (Wu & Liu, 2007;Yao et al, 2005), resulting in the enhancement of nutrient-use efficiency (Yao et al, 2003). Potassium-use efficiency in PSF for Chinese cabbage was reported to be 76.9% compared with a chemical fertilizer (60.8%) (Yao et al, 2003).…”

“…As a result, PSF can slowly release nutrients (Wu & Liu, 2007;Yao et al, 2005), resulting in the enhancement of nutrient-use efficiency (Yao et al, 2003). Potassium-use efficiency in PSF for Chinese cabbage was reported to be 76.9% compared with a chemical fertilizer (60.8%) (Yao et al, 2003). The mineral composition, nutrient release rate, and nutrient-use efficiency in PSF is well described in such literatures; however, a quantitative relationship between the nutrients released from PSF and nutrients supplied to plants remains unknown.…”