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Abstract

In vertebrate and invertebrate muscles, the expression of fatty acid binding proteins (FABP) is induced by long chain fatty acids. To identify the fatty acid response elements that mediate this up-regulation, the gene of the FABP expressed in locust flight muscle was cloned, and its upstream sequences analyzed for potential regulatory elements. Comparison with other muscle FABP promoters revealed the presence of a 19-bp imperfect inverted repeat sequence that contains two hexanucleotide half sites (AGTGGT and ATGGGA), interspersed by 3 nucleotides. The promoter activity was studied with reporter gene constructs in L6 myoblasts, in which H-FABP expression is stimulated by long-chain fatty acids in a similar manner as in adult cardiomyocytes. The 19 bp element, located 180 bp upstream of the transcription start site, was found to be essential for the fatty acid induction of gene expression, and gel shift analysis confirmed that this fatty acid response element is capable of binding nuclear proteins both from rat myoblasts and locust muscle in the presence of fatty acids. A similar, but reverse sequence that is present upstream of all mammalian H-FABP promoters may modulate the expression of the rat H-FABP gene.

Screening and identification of genes associated with flight muscle histolysis of the house cricket Acheta domesticus

“…The flight ability of insects mainly depends on the development of their flight muscle structures ( Ding et al, 2014 ). FABP plays an important role in the energy supply of flight muscles and affects flight muscle formation and degradation ( Wu et al, 2002 ). Therefore, it can be inferred that the degradation of flight muscle reduces or prevent flight ability and that the expression of FABP in flight muscle inevitably decrease as well, which supports the results of this study.…”

“…For example, a decrease in protein content in flight muscle of the pea aphid Acyrthosiphon pisum has been found to occur simultaneously with flight muscle histolysis ( Kobayashi and Ishikawa, 1994 ). Other studies have focused on the physiological and molecular mechanisms underlying flight muscle histolysis by investigating the factors affecting flight muscle histolysis, the relationship between flight muscle histolysis and apoptosis, and other aspects ( Tanaka, 1994 ; Domingo et al, 1998 ; Fyrberg et al, 1998 ; Nongthomba et al, 2001 ; Wu and Haunerland, 2001 ; Zera and Cisper, 2001 ; Wu et al, 2002 ; Gajewski et al, 2006 ; Azizi et al, 2009 ; Feng et al, 2019 ; Katti et al, 2021 ; Bai et al, 2022 ). For example, the flight muscle histolysis in both the fire ant Solenopsis invicta and the wheat aphid Sitobion avenae occurs through apoptosis ( Azizi et al, 2009 ; Feng et al, 2019 ).…”

“…In addition, there are studies that say due to troponin and actin are important structural proteins involved in the assembly and regulation of myofibrillar fibers, so as to the expression of genes encoding troponin and actin can determine the structural and functional integrity of flight muscles ( Domingo et al, 1998 ; Fyrberg et al, 1998 ; Nongthomba et al, 2001 ; Gajewski et al, 2006 ). And lipid-related genes that regulate the expression of lipid substances also play a very important role in the degradation of flight muscle, because of lipids are among the necessary energy substances for insect flight activities ( Wu and Haunerland, 2001 ; Wu et al, 2002 ). However, since the degradation of flight muscle is affected to varying degrees by a variety of factors, the regulatory pathways of flight muscle histolysis are poorly understood.…”