808-nm laser therapy with a flat-top handpiece photobiomodulates mitochondria activities of Paramecium primaurelia (Protozoa)

Abstract

Photobiomodulation is proposed as a non-linear process, and only low-level laser therapy (LLLT) is assumed to stimulate exposed cells, whereas high powered laser and fluences can cause negative effects, exhausting the cell's energy reserve as a consequence of excessive photon-based stimulation. In our work, we investigated and compared the effects of 808-nm diode laser (CW) with a new flat-top handpiece. To this purpose, we tested the photobiomodulation effects of 1 and 3 J/cm(2) fluence, both generated by 100 mW or 1 W of laser power and of 64 J/cm(2) of fluence generated by 100 mW, 1 W, 1.5 W or 2 W, as expressed through oxygen consumption and ATP synthesis of Paramecium. Data collected indicates the incremental consumption of oxygen through irradiation with 3 J/cm(2)-100 mW or 64 J/cm(2)-1 W correlates with an increase in Paramecium ATP synthesis. The Paramecium respiration was inhibited by fluences 64 J/cm(2)-100 mW or 64 J/cm(2)-2 W and was followed by a decrease in the endogenous ATP concentration. The 1 J/cm(2)-100 mW or 1 W and 3 J/cm(2)-1 W did not affect mitochondrial activity. The results show that the fluence of 64 J/cm(2)-1 W more than the 3 J/cm(2)-100 mW causes greater efficiency in Paramecium mitochondria respiratory chain activity. Our results suggest that thanks to flat-top handpiece we used, high fluences by high-powered laser have to be reconsidered as an effective and non-invasive therapy. Possible associated benefits of deeper tissue penetration would increase treatment effectiveness and reduced irradiation time.

1064 nm Nd:YAG laser light affects transmembrane mitochondria respiratory chain complexes

“…Conversely, Complexes I and II are not affected by those wavelengths, while at 808 nm, the complex III is poorly stimulated by higher energies . In addition, the light–chromophore interaction is reflected in modulation of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) production . These evidences explain because, in the range of 600 to 810 nm, PBM affects the cell behavior from bacteria and protozoa up to animals and humans and have been the most employed wavelengths for PBM .…”

“…In addition, the light–chromophore interaction is reflected in modulation of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) production . These evidences explain because, in the range of 600 to 810 nm, PBM affects the cell behavior from bacteria and protozoa up to animals and humans and have been the most employed wavelengths for PBM . In recent years, it was suggested that the infrared region of the spectrum could influence other chromospheres, despite the interaction by wavelengths higher than 900 nm, and particularly 1064 nm, with mitochondrial chromophores was not clearly demonstrated .…”

Effects of Er:YAG and Diode Laser Irradiation on Dental Pulp Cells and Tissues

“…Research in vitro has demonstrated that laser irradiation (LI) promotes cell migration and proliferation [14,15], mitochondrial respiration [16,17,18], protein synthesis [14,19] and bone formation [20]. Dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs) have a mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) phenotype, and the potential to differentiate into multiple cell types, including odontoblasts, osteoblasts, chondrocytes, cardiomyocytes, hepatocytes, neuron, liver cells, and pancreatic islet β cells.…”

Near‐infrared laser photons induce glutamate release from cerebrocortical nerve terminals

“…Both in cultured neurons and in ancestral pre‐nervous cell organisms, there is evidence that laser light can modify mitochondrial membrane potential, ATP levels, intracellular Ca 2+ levels, reactive oxygen species and NO production . However, the mechanisms by which laser light may affect the functioning of the nervous system are not yet understood.…”