8-OH-DPAT and MK-801 affect epileptic activity independently of vigilance

Absence epileptic activity changing effects of non-adenosine nucleoside inosine, guanosine and uridine in Wistar Albino Glaxo Rijswijk rats

“…1A-C; a train of asymmetric spikes and slow waves starting and ending with sharp spikes; the average amplitude at least twice as high as the basal EEG activity; frequency: 7-11 Hz) (Kova´cs et al, 2006(Kova´cs et al, , 2013b were measured between 30 and 270 min of post-injection time (from 4.00 PM to 8.00 PM). The stress and behavioral changes induced by the injections and handling (Krooth et al, 1978;Peeters et al, 1989;Koerner et al, 1996;Filakovszky et al, 2001;Depaulis and Van Luijtelaar, 2005) may change the SWD number as it was observed previously (Kova´cs et al, 2006). However, the changes in behavioral features (e.g., level of activity) after intraperitoneal (i.p.)…”

“…At first, we determined effective doses of all drugs on absence epileptic activity, which were selected in a preliminary study (unpublished results). Subsequently, the smaller effective doses were applied in combination to avoid saturation of SWD generator thalamo-cortical system (Coenen and Van Luijtelaar, 2003;Kova´cs et al, 2006) and to minimize the putative side effects of different drugs (such as effects on sleep-waking ratios) (Peeters et al, 1989;Koerner et al, 1996;Filakovszky et al, 2001;Ates et al, 2004). As changes in sleep-waking ratios may modulate SWD number in WAG/Rij rats (Coenen and Van Luijtelaar, 2003;Depaulis and Van Luijtelaar, 2005) we investigated effects of the higher doses of Ino, Guo and Urd on the time of sleep-waking stages.…”

Upholding WAG/Rij rats as a model of absence epileptogenesis: Hidden mechanisms and a new theory on seizure development

“…NMDA and AMPA glutamate receptors may also be involved in the mechanisms of initiation and maintenance of SWDs (D'Arcangelo et al, 2002;Filakovszky et al, 2001;Jakus et al, 2004;Kaminski et al, 2001;Peeters et al, 1994a). Cortical and/or thalamic excitation of the NRT through glutamatergic NMDA and AMPA receptors is essential for synchronous thalamic oscillations (Huguenard and McCormick, 2007).…”

Effects of a single dose of 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine on circadian patterns, motor activity and sleep in drug-naive rats and rats previously exposed to MDMA

“…Data was obtained by this software was compared to data were obtained by visual analysis: eight animals, 4×30 min each (from 0000 to 0030, from 0900 to 0930, from 1330 to 1400 and from 2230 to 2300 hours). For visual scoring we used the following criteria: wakefulness (Wake): the EEG is characterized by low amplitude activity at beta (14-30 Hz) and alpha (8-13 Hz) frequencies accompanied with high EMG and motor activity; light slow wave sleep (SWS-1): high voltage slow cortical waves (0.5-4 Hz) interrupted by low voltage fast EEG activity (spindles: 6-15 Hz) accompanied with reduced EMG and motor activity; deep slow wave sleep (SWS-2): continuous high amplitude slow cortical waves (0.5-4 Hz) with reduced EMG and motor activity; paradoxical sleep (PS): low amplitude and high frequency EEG activity with regular theta waves (6-9 Hz) accompanied by silent EMG and motor activity with occasional twitching (Gottesmann 1992;Kantor et al 2000Kantor et al , 2002Filakovszky et al 2001). The values obtained by the software yielded strong correlations with those obtained by visual inspection for most parameters (Wake: r=0.968, P<0.001; SWS-1: r=0.736, P<0.001; SWS-2: r=0.920, P<0.001; PS: r=0.837, P<0.001).…”

“…In addition, the level of extracellular serotonin is consistent with the pattern of discharge in dorsal raphe nucleus (DRN) serotonergic neurons which show the highest firing rate during wakefulness, followed by a decrease during SWS and by virtual electrical silence during PS sleep (Jacobs and Fornal 1999;Portas et al 2000;Saper et al 2001). Serotonergic regulation of the sleep/wake cycle involves a number of 5-HT receptor subtypes, and the role of 5-HT 1A , 5-HT 1B , 5-HT 2A , 5-HT 2C , 5-HT 3 and 5-HT 7 receptors has been demonstrated by several studies (Borbely et al 1988;Monti and Jantos 1992;Monti et al 1995Monti et al , 1999Kantor et al 2000Kantor et al , 2002Andrade 2001a, 2001b;Filakovszky et al 2001;Monckton and McCormick 2003).…”