8 Lipids of Mycorrhizas

Dalpé, Yolande; Trépanier, Martin; Sahraoui, Anissa Lounès-Hadj; Fontaine, Joël; Sancholle, Michel

doi:10.1007/978-3-642-30826-0_8

Cited by 10 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 238 publications

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“…A thorough knowledge of the lipidome of the plant host and the fungus during arbuscular mycorrhiza formation is crucial for understanding lipid functions during symbiosis. Lipid metabolism in arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi has been studied with a focus on storage lipid synthesis, sterol metabolism and fatty acid profiling in search for a signature fatty acid for fungal biomass estimation (Jabaji‐Hare et al ., ; Grandmougin‐Ferjani et al ., ; Olsson and Johansen, ; Dalpé et al ., ). However, little information is available about the lipid composition of the fungal membrane within the plant root.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Fatty acid synthesis and lipid metabolism in the obligate biotrophic fungus Rhizophagus irregularis during mycorrhization of Lotus japonicus

2014

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SUMMARYArbuscular mycorrhiza formation with fungi of the Glomeromycota represents a widespread symbiotic interaction of vascular plants. Different signaling events and metabolic adaptations are required for the close interaction between the two partners. Membrane lipid synthesis is a prerequisite for symbiosis, and membrane properties depend on lipid composition. Lipid profiling was performed by liquid chromatography mass spectrometry to study the role of triacylglycerol, diacylglycerol, phospholipids, galactolipids, sterols and sphingolipids during the colonization of Lotus japonicus roots with Rhizophagus irregularis (syn. Glomus intraradices). Mycorrhization leads to an increased phosphate supply and suppresses the increase in galactolipids commonly observed in phosphate-deprived plants. In addition to free sterols and sterol esters, R. irregularis contains sterol glucosides and acylated sterol glucosides. Glycosylated sphingolipids (glucosylceramide, dihexosylceramide) and inositolphosphorylceramide were detected in the fungus. Lysophosphatidylcholine, a lipid previously implicated in mycorrhiza signaling, is present in low amounts in mock-infected and mycorrhized roots. The composition of fungal phospholipids changes after mycorrhization because molecular species with palmitvaccenic (di-16:1) or tetracosenoic (24:1) acyl groups decrease in intraradical mycelium. This adaptation of lipid metabolism during intraradical growth is likely a prerequisite for symbiosis, achieving functional compatibility between the fungal and the periarbuscular membrane. Data mining in genomic and transcript databases revealed the presence of genes encoding enzymes of lipid biosynthesis in R. irregularis. However, no gene encoding multidomain fatty acid de novo synthase was detected in the genome sequence of this obligate biotrophic fungus.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Fatty acid synthesis and lipid metabolism in the obligate biotrophic fungus Rhizophagus irregularis during mycorrhization of Lotus japonicus

2014

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“…The symbiotic fungus, in addition to the conversion of glycogen, trehalose, and/or mannitol (Nehls et al, 2010;Shachar-Hill et al, 1995), converts a high percentage of plant-derived C in lipids (Dalpé et al, 2012). These have been used as biochemical tool for mycorrhizal fungi quantification (Bååth et al, 2004;Ngosong et al, 2012) and turnover (Calderón et al, 2012).…”

Section: An Important Rhizospheric Component: the Mycorrhizal Fungimentioning

confidence: 99%

“…These have been used as biochemical tool for mycorrhizal fungi quantification (Bååth et al, 2004;Ngosong et al, 2012) and turnover (Calderón et al, 2012). The metabolism of AM fungi, where lipids represent the main C form (mainly as triacylglycerol, TAG), has been investigated to verify the C allocation during symbiotic interactions (Dalpé et al, 2012). The intraradical mycelium acquires hexoses from the plant, which are then metabolized to lipids, mainly neutral lipids (such as TAG).…”

Section: An Important Rhizospheric Component: the Mycorrhizal Fungimentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The intraradical mycelium acquires hexoses from the plant, which are then metabolized to lipids, mainly neutral lipids (such as TAG). Fatty acid 16:1ω5 is dominant in both membrane and storage lipids (Dalpé et al, 2012), and several studies have proposed it as a tool to quantify AM fungal biomass and to determine the distribution of AM fungi in soil (Ngosong et al, 2012;van Aarle and Olsson, 2003). Fatty acid 16:1ω5 is dominant in both membrane and storage lipids (Dalpé et al, 2012), and several studies have proposed it as a tool to quantify AM fungal biomass and to determine the distribution of AM fungi in soil (Ngosong et al, 2012;van Aarle and Olsson, 2003).…”

Section: An Important Rhizospheric Component: the Mycorrhizal Fungimentioning

confidence: 99%

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Plant-Soil Biota Interactions

Balestrini

Lumini

Borriello

et al. 2015

Soil Microbiology, Ecology and Biochemistry

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“…Because of the rather unique presence in AM fungi, 16:1 Δ11cis and of other specific fatty acids (e.g. 20:3), these fatty acids were used as lipid biomarkers for AM fungi under laboratory and field conditions [12,20,21]. In line with this scenario, the rate of colonization with R. irregularis correlates with the accumulation of 16:1 Δ11cis in colonized roots [22–24].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Palmitvaccenic acid (Δ11-cis-hexadecenoic acid) is synthesized by an OLE1-like desaturase in the arbuscular mycorrhiza fungusRhizophagus irregularis

Brands

Cahoon

Dörmann

2020

Preprint

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Arbuscular mycorrhiza (AM) fungi deliver mineral nutrients to the plant host in exchange for reduced carbon in the form of sugars and lipids. Colonization with AM fungi upregulates a specific host lipid synthesis pathway resulting in the production of fatty acids. The fungus Rhizophagus irregularis accumulates predominantly palmitic acid (16:0) and the unusual palmitvaccenic acid (16:1 Δ 11cis). Here, we present the isolation and characterization of RiOLE1-LIKE, the desaturase involved in palmitvaccenic acid synthesis, by heterologous expression in yeast and plants. Results are in line with the scenario that RiOLE1-LIKE encodes an acyl-CoA desaturase with substrate specificity for C15-C18 acyl groups, in particular C16. Phylogenetic analysis of RiOLE1-LIKE related sequences revealed that this gene is conserved in AM fungi from the Glomales and Diversisporales, but is absent from non-symbiotic Mortierellaceae and Mucoromycotina fungi, suggesting that 16:1 Δ 11cis provides a specific function during AM colonization. Δ 11cis is absent from plants. It accounts for 46 -78 mol% of total fatty acids in spores of AMF of the Glomales including the families Acaulosporaceae, Glomaceae and Gigasporaceae, albeit some species of Glomaceae (Glomus leptotichum, Glomus occultum) and Gigasporacea (Gigaspora albida, Gigaspora gigantea, Gigaspora margarita, Gigaspora rosea) contain no or traces of 16:1 Δ 11cis . In addition to 16:1 Δ 11cis , Rhizophagus irregularis, Glomus claroideum and Gigaspora roseae spores and hyphae contain 0.2 -3.3 mol% of 16:1 Δ 9cis (palmitoleic acid; 16:1 ω 7cis ). Glomaceae species lacking 16:1 Δ 11cis (Glomus leptotichum, Glomus occultum) instead contain considerable amounts (11 -55 %) of 16:1 Δ 9cis . Spores of Gigaspora spp. with low amounts of 16:1 Δ 11cis contain high contents (38 -48 %) of 18:1 Δ 9cis (oleic acid) and 8 -15 % of 20:1 Δ 11cis (gondoic acid) [12]. Oleic acid and gondoic acid are present in low amounts in spores of R. irregualris and other Glomaceae [11,12]. Experimental Phylogenetic analysis For retrieving the desaturase sequences from R. irregularis, the four characterized Mortierella alpina desaturase sequences were retrieved from UniProtKB (uniprot.org) and used in BLASTp searches at the EnsemblFungi database (fungi.ensembl.org). For phylogenetic analysis of desaturases in symbiotic and non-symbiotic Mucoromycota, RiOLE1 and RiOLE1-LIKE sequences were used in BLASTn searches to identify orthologs in Gigasprora rosea, Rhizophagus cerebriforme and Rhizophagus diaphanus genomes available at MycoCosm [25]. Rhizophagus clarus, Mortierella circinelloides, Rhizophagus microsporus, Mortierella elongata and Lobosporangium transversale genomes at EnsemblFungi were surveyed for RiOLE1 and RiOLE1-LIKE orthologs using BLASTp. The sequences for phylogenetic analyses were aligned using MUSCLE implemented in MEGA 7, and the alignments used to create a maximum-likelihood tree with the WAG +F nucleotide substitution model. Gamma distributed rates with invariant sites (G+I) and 1000 bootstrap iterat...

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8 Lipids of Mycorrhizas

Cited by 10 publications

References 238 publications

Fatty acid synthesis and lipid metabolism in the obligate biotrophic fungus Rhizophagus irregularis during mycorrhization of Lotus japonicus

Fatty acid synthesis and lipid metabolism in the obligate biotrophic fungus Rhizophagus irregularis during mycorrhization of Lotus japonicus

Plant-Soil Biota Interactions

Palmitvaccenic acid (Δ11-cis-hexadecenoic acid) is synthesized by an OLE1-like desaturase in the arbuscular mycorrhiza fungusRhizophagus irregularis

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