8-Isoprostane as a marker of oxidative stress in nonsymptomatic cigarette smokers and COPD

Kinnula, Vuokko L.; Ilumets, Helen; Myllärniemi, Marjukka; Sovijärvi, Anssi; Rytilä, Paula

doi:10.1183/09031936.00023606

Cited by 72 publications

(61 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…Moreover, a recent study could not detect any difference between sputum 8-isoprostane levels in mild asthmatics and healthy controls (Louhelainen et al 2008). Sputum 8-isoprostane levels are elevated in COPD and cigarette smokers, but do not clearly differentiate healthy smokers from symptomatic smokers, ie, those who are at risk for developing COPD (Kinnula et al 2007). No longitudinal studies have been conducted with this marker, making it diffi cult to draw any fi nal conclusions about its real signifi cance.…”

Section: -Isoprostanementioning

confidence: 99%

Airway biomarkers of the oxidant burden in asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: Current and future perspectives

Louhelainen

Myllärniemi²,

Rahman³

et al. 2008

COPD

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Abstract:The pathogenesis of asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) has been claimed to be attributable to increased systemic and local oxidative stress. Detection of the oxidant burden and evaluation of their progression and phenotypes by oxidant biomarkers have proved challenging and diffi cult. A large number of asthmatics are cigarette smokers and smoke itself contains oxidants complicating further the use of oxidant biomarkers. One of the most widely used oxidant markers in asthma is exhaled nitric oxide (NO), which plays an important role in the pathogenesis of asthma and disease monitoring. Another oxidant marker that has been widely investigated in COPD is 8-isoprostane, but it is probably not capable of differentiating asthma from COPD, or even sensitive in the early assessment of these diseases. None of the current biomarkers have been shown to be better than exhaled NO in asthma. There is a need to identify new biomarkers for obstructive airway diseases, especially their differential diagnosis. A comprehensive evaluation of oxidant markers and their combinations will be presented in this review. In brief, it seems that additional analyses utilizing powerful tools such as genomics, metabolomics, lipidomics, and proteomics will be required to improve the specifi city and sensitivity of the next generation of biomarkers. Keywords: sputum, condensate, smoking, nitric oxide, 8-isoprostane, biomarker Asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) are diseases with different physiological and anatomical features. However, a signifi cant number of patients suffering from these diseases exhibit symptoms and signs which are associated with both conditions. Markers of the elevated oxidant burden have been detected in both of these disorders. This degree of overlap between asthma and COPD has proved to be especially important in smoking asthmatics, patients who have often been excluded from asthma trials and investigations. Oxidant markers are under intensive investigation as ways of assuring the early detection and monitoring of asthma and COPD, for the differentiation of the disease from the condition of "healthy smokers", and also for the evaluation of the COPD phenotypes and their progression. This review will critically review potential markers that refl ect oxidative stress in the airways of patients with asthma and COPD in exhaled air, exhaled breath condensate (EBC) and induced sputum. In addition, markers in bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) will also be briefl y surveyed, even though the technique, ie, fi breoptic bronchoscopy is an invasive technique used in the investigation of lung infl ammation and the evaluation of the oxidant burden. In this review, we will also discuss the pros and cons of various noninvasive biological samples for assessing the oxidant burden in the airways, and then speculate on the possibilities of using the existing and new oxidant markers,

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Section: -Isoprostanementioning

confidence: 99%

Airway biomarkers of the oxidant burden in asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: Current and future perspectives

Louhelainen

Myllärniemi²,

Rahman³

et al. 2008

COPD

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“…Sputum was induced, as described by the European RespiratorySociety Task Force, with 4.5% physiological saline solutiomn [18, 30] and samples processed as previously described [31, 32]. The whole-sputum sample technique was used for the processing of sputum.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A specific EIA (Cayman Chemical Company, Ann Arbor, Mich., USA) was used to assay free 8-isoprostane in induced sputum samples, as described previously [32], and EBC according to the manufacturer’s instructions. The assay was validated directly by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparison of 8-Isoprostane and Interleukin-8 in Induced Sputum and Exhaled Breath Condensate from Asymptomatic and Symptomatic Smokers

Mazur

Stark²,

Sovijärvi³

et al. 2009

Respiration

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Background: Markers of airway inflammation and oxidative stress have been mainly investigated in moderate/severe chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) or during its exacerbation. They have not been compared in noninvasive specimens such as exhaled breath condensate (EBC) and induced sputum in healthy nonsymptomatic smokers or in those who have symptoms and are at risk for COPD development. Objectives: To compare the relative proportions of 2 potential COPD biomarkers, 8-isoprostane and interleukin- 8 (IL-8) in the induced sputum and EBC sampled from the same subjects: nonsmokers (n = 14), healthy smokers (n = 17) and symptomatic smokers (n = 9) who are considered to be at risk for COPD. COPD patients with acute exacerbation (n = 10) were employed as positive controls. Methods: The levels of the aforementioned biomarkers in induced sputum and EBC were investigated using commercial biochemical techniques. Results: In induced sputum, the levels of 8-isoprostane and IL-8 were at least 10-fold higher compared to EBC levels in all groups. Healthy nonsmokers had the lowest levels, and patients with exacerbation of COPD the highest levels of 8-isoprostane in induced sputum and EBC. The same observation held true for IL-8 in induced sputum. Inverse correlations with lung function parameters were observed for both mediators. Conclusions: The levels of both potential markers were clearly higher in the induced sputum than in EBC. The results point to an advantage of induced sputum over EBC for assessing the degree of airway oxidative stress and inflammation in smokers with a potential risk for COPD development.

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“…Compared with healthy chronic smokers and healthy nonsmokers, sputum PGE 2 has been reported elevated in current smokers with COPD, but not in COPD patients who were ex-smokers [11]. Sputum 15-F 2t -isoprostane concentrations were found elevated in patients with stable COPD as compared with healthy smokers, never-smokers and ex-smokers [12].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 86%

Exhaled and non-exhaled non-invasive markers for assessment of respiratory inflammation in patients with stable COPD and healthy smokers

Santini

Shohreh

et al. 2016

J. Breath Res.

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We aimed at comparing exhaled and non-exhaled non-invasive markers of respiratory inflammation in patients with COPD and healthy subjects and define their relationships with smoking habit. Forty-eight patients with stable COPD who were ex-smokers, 17 patients with stable COPD who were current smokers, 12 healthy current smokers and 12 healthy ex-smokers were included in a cross-sectional, observational study. Biochemical [prostaglandin (PG) E 2 , 15-F 2t -isoprostane, fraction of exhaled nitric oxide (F E NO)] and cellular (sputum cell counts) inflammatory outcomes and functional (spirometry) outcomes were measured in various biological matrices including exhaled breath condensate (EBC), exhaled breath, sputum supernatants, and urine. Sputum PGE 2 was elevated in both groups of smokers compared with ex-smoker counterpart (COPD: P < 0.02; healthy subjects: P < 0.03), whereas EBC PGE 2 was elevated in current (P = 0.0065) and ex-smokers with COPD (P = 0.0029) versus healthy exsmokers. EBC 15-F 2t -isoprostane, a marker of oxidative stress, was increased in current and exsmokers with COPD (P < 0.0001 for both) compared with healthy ex-smokers, whereas urinary 15-F 2t -isoprostane was elevated in both smoker groups (COPD: P < 0.01; healthy subjects: P < 0.02) versus healthy ex-smokers. F E NO was elevated in ex-smokers with COPD versus smoker groups (P = 0.0001 for both). These data suggest that the biological meaning of these inflammatory markers depends on type of marker and biological matrix in which is measured. An approach combining different types of outcomes can be used for assessing respiratory inflammation in patients with COPD. Large studies are required to establish the clinical utility of this strategy.Keywords: exhaled breath condensate, sputum, prostaglandin E 2 , 15-F 2t -isoprostane, fraction of exhaled nitric oxide, respiratory inflammation, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease Abstract word count: 252

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8-Isoprostane as a marker of oxidative stress in nonsymptomatic cigarette smokers and COPD

Cited by 72 publications

References 31 publications

Airway biomarkers of the oxidant burden in asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: Current and future perspectives

Airway biomarkers of the oxidant burden in asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: Current and future perspectives

Comparison of 8-Isoprostane and Interleukin-8 in Induced Sputum and Exhaled Breath Condensate from Asymptomatic and Symptomatic Smokers

Exhaled and non-exhaled non-invasive markers for assessment of respiratory inflammation in patients with stable COPD and healthy smokers

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