8-Gbps-per-channel radiation-tolerant VCSEL drivers for the LHC detector upgrade

Abstract

We present ASIC designs of VCSEL drivers for a single VCSEL (LOCld1), two individual VCSELs (LOCld2) and a four-channel VCSEL array (LOCld4). This work is for new detector readout systems needed in the Large Hadron Collider upgrade program. All ASICs are fabricated in a commercial 0.25-µm Silicon-on-Sapphire CMOS technology. LOCld1 and LOCld2 have passed the 8-Gbps and 10-Gbps eye mask tests. Operating at 8 Gbps data rate, the measured total jitter of LOCld1 and LOCld2 is less than 30 ps, and the power comsuption is about 200 mW per channel with 6-mA bias current and 6.4-mA modulation current. The radiation tolerance of LOCld1 has been qualified with x-ray and high-energy neutron beam test.

Carbon Nanofiber Aggregate Sensors for Sustaining Resilience of Civil Infrastructures to Multi-Hazards

“…For example, during flooding or heavy rain, wires may become wet and thus provide poor signals, while wireless communication can be made to be more immune to water damage. As presented in Figure 8, the wireless communication hardware development can leverage our previous R&D works in which we have demonstrated a wideband cognitive radio transceiver and wireless channel emulator through a National Science Foundation (NSF)-funded project [10], a radiation-hard 6-12 GHz 00.37pS RMS jitter wideband LC-VCO phase-locked loop (PLL) [11], and radiationtolerant application specific integrated circuits (ASICs) for CERN's large hadron collider (LHC) detectors [12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27]. In developing the wireless transceiver, commercial off-the-shelf (COTS) radiationhardened components based on Silicon-on-Sapphire (SOS) and Silicon on Insulator (SOI) technology should be utilized.…”

Mid-board miniature dual channel optical transmitter MTx and transceiver MTRx

“…The electric coupling is through the connector (Part number LSHM-120-02.5-L-DV-A-N-TR) from Samtec that has a 5 mm stacking height. To operate in the detector front-end of ATLAS LAr, the VCSEL driver is LOCld [4] and the p-i-n diode TIA is GBTIA [5]. One can also use COTS drivers and TIAs should the operation environment allow.…”

Optical transceivers for event triggers in the ATLAS phase-I upgrade

“…All of the opto-electronics have been studied for radiation hardness [8,9]. The laser driver employed for the transmitter channel is the LOCld [10], which is a custom-developed ASIC fabricated in 0.25 µm Silicon-on-Sapphire (SoS) CMOS process. It is packaged in QFN-40 format for assembly.…”