8–10-Gene Expression-Based Atom Search for Aquaponic Lettuce Evapotranspiration Optimization Based on Photosynthetic Light Properties

Optimization of Aquaponic Lettuce Evapotranspiration Based on Artificial Photosynthetic Light Properties Using Hybrid Genetic Programming and Moth Flame Optimizer

“…Further, this study included the development of bioinspired optimization models to optimize the evapotranspiration based on artificial light properties to improve lettuce growth (Fig. 1) (Bautista et al, 2022).…”

“…In a smart farm located at Morong, Rizal, Philippines, the cultivar was subjected to nutrient film technique (NFT) for 6 weeks. The growing bed was maintained with 124.70 mg/l nitrate, potassium of 168.74 mg/l, and phosphate of 65.23 mg/l, wherein electrical conductivity and pH level were controlled between 1 ± 0.02 mS/cm and 6 ± 0.5, respectively (Concepcion et al, 2021;Bautista, et al, 2022).…”

“…In the 30, 20, and 10 cm segments, 3 light intensity sensors (Adafruit TSL2561, China) were placed to determine the light intensity, infrared, and visible radiations varied by the distance of the light source to the disk container and differentiated by each light spectrums. In the optimization analysis, these gathered spectral data were likewise used (Concepcion et al, 2021;Bautista, et al, 2022).…”

“…The experiment continued until all the leaf disks were floated. Subsequently, floatation container was put inside a box without light source to perform the dark-period aerobic respiration, and the floating disks count were also recorded for every minute (Concepcion et al, 2021;Bautista, et al, 2022).…”

“…There were 42 trials for photosynthesis and a corresponding 42 trials for respiration based on the 7 artificial monochromatic lights (red, orange, yellow, white, green, blue, and violet), 2 lettuce leaf maturities (head development-stage and harveststage), and 3 light source proximities (10, 20, and 30 cm) (Concepcion et al, 2021;Bautista, et al, 2022).…”