79: Acute Interstitial Nephritis (AIN) Secondary to Vancomycin. Case Report and Literature Review of Vancomycin Nephrotoxicity in Modern Era

Gera, Manish; R, Jeevan; Dhar, Sorabh; Phillips, Carrie L.

doi:10.1053/j.ajkd.2008.02.085

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“…Vancomycin (VCM) is a glycopeptide antibiotic commonly used to treat methicillin‐resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections (Baby et al, ; Eliakim‐Raz et al, ; Horne et al, ). However, this drug causes numerous adverse reactions including nephrotoxicity (Bosso et al, ; Echeverría‐Esnal, Marín‐Casino, Retamero, & Grau, ; Gera, Jeevan, Dhar, & Phillips, ). Currently, VCM is the preferred antibiotic for the treatment of severe infections caused by multiresistant gram‐positive organisms, such as methicillin‐resistant Staphylococcus aureus , methicillin‐resistant coagulase‐negative staphylococci , and Enterococcus faecium (Ingram et al, ; Kuti, Kiffer, Mendes, & Nicolau, ).…”

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confidence: 99%

Rutin attenuates vancomycin‐induced renal tubular cell apoptosis via suppression of apoptosis, mitochondrial dysfunction, and oxidative stress

Dai

Guo

et al. 2019

Phytotherapy Research

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Vancomycin is a glycopeptide antibiotic widely used to treat infections caused by methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus. However, nephrotoxicity is a major adverse side effect, and the development of effective nephroprotective agents remains a priority in antimicrobial chemotherapy. In this study, we investigated the cell protective effects of the flavonol glycoside rutin against vancomycin-induced toxicity. Vancomycin added to porcine renal tubular LLC-PK1 cells caused an increase of production of intracellular reactive oxygen species and subsequent apoptotic cell death. Pretreatment of LLC-PK1 cells with rutin at 5, 10, and 20 μM for 2 hr prior to 2-mM vancomycin exposure for 24 hr significantly decreased intracellular reactive oxygen species and increased superoxide dismutase and catalase activities. Rutin pretreatment also protected cells from vancomycin-induced caspase activation, mitochondrial membrane depolarization, and subsequent apoptosis. This study demonstrates a protective effect of rutin and suggests that rutin coadministration is an alternative therapy for treatment of vancomycin-induced nephrotoxicity.

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