739 – Parkinson's Disease is More Prevalent in Patients with Appendectomies: A National Population-Based Study

Sheriff, Mohammed Z.; Mansoor, Emad; Cooper, Gregory S.

doi:10.1016/s0016-5085(19)40573-8

Cited by 7 publications

(5 citation statements)

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“…In another large study of a huge database including more than 62 million patients and almost half a million of appendectomy patients, Shirif and colleagues concluded that the relative risk to develop PD was 3.19, 95% CI 3.10 to 3.28, p < 0.0001 regardless of gender or ethnicity. They could not determine the duration between appendectomy and PD onset [22]. Other studies showed a preventive or protective effect of appendectomy on the development of PD.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 93%

“…Clinical interest for the relationship between appendectomy which is a frequent procedure typically performed in early adulthood [10] and the future development of PD has been reported in the last few years. Many such clinical observations and studies have been published with variable conclusions ranging from preventive or delaying [15][16][17], neutral [18][19][20], to accelerating/increasing [21,22] the risk of occurrence of PD in patients who underwent appendectomy in their early adulthood. These conflicting findings may be interpreted as a possible protective, neutral, or pathological role of the appendix in the development of sporadic PD.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The role of appendectomy in the development of Parkinson’s disease: a retrospective study in a teaching hospital in Jordan

Dahbour

Subuh

Haddad

et al. 2021

Egypt J Neurol Psychiatry Neurosurg

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Background Parkinson’s disease is a degenerative brain disease related to the accumulation of an abnormally aggregated alpha-synuclein protein. A hypothesis was presumed that this protein will be transported retrogradely from the gastrointestinal tract ultimately leading to the disease. Various epidemiologic studies have shown conflicting results. This study reports the prevalence of appendectomy in Jordanian parkinsonian patients and compares it to controls seen at one major teaching hospital in Jordan. This is a retrospective study of 266 patients compared to a control group of 500 patients randomly selected from the hospital. The prevalence of appendectomy in the 2 groups was studied. Results The rate of appendectomy in patients and controls was 26/266 (9.8%) and 27/500 (5.4%), respectively (relative risk 1.30, odds ratio 1.81, χ2, p = 0.026). Appendectomy in the patients was independent of gender (χ2, p = 0.297). Also, there was no difference in patients with and without appendectomy regarding their age, age at diagnosis of PD, and duration of use of levodopa (p = 0.827, 0.960, and 0.688, respectively, Student t test). The mean duration from appendectomy to the diagnosis of the disease varied widely 23 ± 18.7 years, range −12–59 years. Conclusions Appendectomy occurred significantly more frequent in patients with Parkinson’s disease than in control. There was no difference regarding the age of onset of disease in the patients with and without appendectomy. Though the appendix in this study seems to have a protective role against the development of the disease, the relationship is quite complex requiring prospective in-depth evaluation.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 93%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The role of appendectomy in the development of Parkinson’s disease: a retrospective study in a teaching hospital in Jordan

Dahbour

Subuh

Haddad

et al. 2021

Egypt J Neurol Psychiatry Neurosurg

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“…Similarly, a recent large national population-based study presented at a congress revealed that PD is more prevalent in patients with a history of appendectomy. 17 Even though the study has not yet been published, the data were based on 62 218 050 patients in the commercial database from Explorys Inc. (Cleveland, OH, USA). The investigators identified 488 190 patients who underwent appendectomy.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Appendectomy Does Not Increase the Risk of Future Emergence of Parkinson’s Disease: A Meta-analysis

Ishizuka

Shibuya

Takagi

et al. 2021

The American Surgeon

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Objective To explore the impact of appendectomy history on emergence of Parkinson’s disease (PD). Background Although there are several studies to investigate the relationship between appendectomy history and emergence of PD, the results are still controversial. Methods We performed a comprehensive electronic search of the literature (the Cochrane Library, PubMed, and the Web of Science) up to April 2020 to identify studies that had employed databases allowing comparison of emergence of PD between patients with and those without appendectomy history. To integrate the impact of appendectomy history on emergence of PD, a meta-analysis was performed using random-effects models to calculate the risk ratio (RR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) for the selected studies, and heterogeneity was analyzed using I2 statistics. Results Four studies involving a total of 6 080 710 patients were included in this meta-analysis. Among 1 470 613 patients with appendectomy history, 1845 (.13%) had emergences of PD during the observation period, whereas among 4 610 097 patients without appendectomy history, 6743 (.15%) had emergences of PD during the observation period. These results revealed that patients with appendectomy history and without appendectomy had almost the same emergence of PD (RR, 1.02; 95% CI, .87-1.20; P = .83; I2 = 87%). Conclusion This meta-analysis has demonstrated that there was no significant difference in emergence of PD between patients with and those without appendectomy history.

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“…Gray and colleagues hypothesized the appendix as a starting point for α-syn aggregation, which is supported by evidences linking decreased risk of PD to patients who have received an appendicectomy (Killinger and others 2018). However, studies where appendicectomies increased PD risk exist, in which the authors suggest appendicitis to reflect direct infection of neurotrophic enteric pathogen or a dysregulated inflammatory response (Sheriff and others 2019; Svensson and others 2016). While more research is required to ascertain the role of appendix in PD, the involvement of the gut-brain axis is highlighted.…”

Section: Neuroinflammation Underlying Parkinson’s Diseasementioning

confidence: 99%

Inflammatory Mechanisms in Parkinson’s Disease: From Pathogenesis to Targeted Therapies

2021

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Inflammation is a critical factor contributing to the progressive neurodegenerative process observed in Parkinson’s disease (PD). Microglia, the immune cells of the central nervous system, are activated early in PD pathogenesis and can both trigger and propagate early disease processes via innate and adaptive immune mechanisms such as upregulated immune cells and antibody-mediated inflammation. Downstream cytokines and gene regulators such as microRNA (miRNA) coordinate later disease course and mediate disease progression. Biomarkers signifying the inflammatory and neurodegenerative processes at play within the central nervous system are of increasing interest to clinical teams. To be effective, such biomarkers must achieve the highest sensitivity and specificity for predicting PD risk, confirming diagnosis, or monitoring disease severity. The aim of this review was to summarize the current preclinical and clinical evidence that suggests that inflammatory processes contribute to the initiation and progression of neurodegenerative processes in PD. In this article, we further summarize the data about main inflammatory biomarkers described in PD to date and their potential for regulation as a novel target for disease-modifying pharmacological strategies.

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739 – Parkinson's Disease is More Prevalent in Patients with Appendectomies: A National Population-Based Study

Cited by 7 publications

References 0 publications

The role of appendectomy in the development of Parkinson’s disease: a retrospective study in a teaching hospital in Jordan

The role of appendectomy in the development of Parkinson’s disease: a retrospective study in a teaching hospital in Jordan

Appendectomy Does Not Increase the Risk of Future Emergence of Parkinson’s Disease: A Meta-analysis

Inflammatory Mechanisms in Parkinson’s Disease: From Pathogenesis to Targeted Therapies

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