73 GHz wideband millimeter-wave foliage and ground reflection measurements and models

Abstract

This paper presents 73 GHz wideband outdoor foliage and ground reflection measurements. Propagation measurements were made with a 400 Megachips-per-second sliding correlator channel sounder, with rotatable 27 dBi (7 • halfpower beamwidth) horn antennas at both the transmitter and receiver, to study foliage-induced scattering and de-polarization effects, to assist in developing future wireless systems that will use adaptive array antennas. Signal attenuation through foliage was measured to be 0.4 dB/m for both co-and cross-polarized antenna configurations. Measured ground reflection coefficients for dirt and gravel ranged from 0.02 to 0.34, for incident angles ranging from 60 • to 81 • (with respect to the normal incidence of the surface). These data are useful for link budget design and site-specific (ray-tracing) models for future millimeter-wave communications systems.

Millimeter-Wave Communications: Physical Channel Models, Design Considerations, Antenna Constructions, and Link-Budget

“…[50], [53], [95]- [97] [57]- [61] [55], [77], [78], [98], [99] [100]- [104] [72], [76], [79], [80], [105], [106] 1988-2017 28 GHz Path loss, angular and delay spreads, AoA, AoD, shadowing for Line-of-Sight (LOS) and Non-LOS (NLOS) scenarios, foliage and diffraction wideband measurements.…”

“…Vegetation presence between the transmitter and receiver adds extra attenuation to the signal and it may severely affect the Quality of Service (QoS) of a wireless communication system [99]. The severity of foliage attenuation depends on the depth of the vegetation component itself.…”

“…More recently, the foliage attenuation measurements recorded for the wideband mmWave channel in the 73 GHz frequency band were presented by Rappaport and Deng in [99], demonstrating that employing a pair of highly directional antennas at the transmitter and receiver, the foliage attenu- Frequency (GHz)…”

“…Another advantage of deterministic models, especially of ray tracing models, is the when no measurements are available for a specific scenario, these deterministic models can be readily utilized for predicting the characteristics of the new environment. This eliminates the huge cost of measurement campaigns [99], [159], [163], [164]. At mmWave frequencies, several studies involved the ray tracing model for predicting the propagation behaviour of the channel in diverse scenarios, as in [103], [142], [151], [160], [164]- [166].…”

“…At mmWave frequencies, several studies involved the ray tracing model for predicting the propagation behaviour of the channel in diverse scenarios, as in [103], [142], [151], [160], [164]- [166]. Additionally, several treatise used the ray tracing model to extract and analyze the physical characteristics of the channel, as in [76], [99], [142], [162], [165], [167].…”