7. Use of Electromagnetic Methods for Groundwater Studies

Adams, Jerald; Hinze, William J.

doi:10.1190/1.9781560802785.ch7

Cited by 196 publications

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“…m is a factor depending on the shape of the sediments. A value around 1.8-2 is appropriate for porosities between 10 and 30% (McNeill, 1990).…”

Section: Methodology Theoretical Backgroundmentioning

confidence: 99%

Spatial distribution of groundwater salinity at Pergamino: arrecifes zone (Buenos Aires Province, Argentina)

Sainato¹,

Losinno²

2006

Rev. Bras. Geof.

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ABSTRACT. The application of irrigation at the NE of Buenos Aires Province, Argentina, demands the knowledge of groundwater features, in particular salinity, in order to avoid unsuccessful drillings and to prevent from deterioration of soils. Some previous large scale studies have shown the presence of salty groundwater at different depths at close sites, and well information is scarce. The scope of this work is to determine the depth and thickness of the aquifers of the zone and to obtain the spatial distribution of groundwater salinity. Vertical Electrical Soundings were performed and the continuity of the aquifers was analyzed along four transects integrating previous results. Geostatistical methodology was used to obtain the spatial variability of electrical resistivity of the Pampeano aquifer, which increases to the east.This analysis was also performed to determine the depth of the fresh-salty water interface which deepens at the left margin of Pergamino river and to the SE direction.A transition zone was found, at SE of the study area, west of Arrecifes city, where the fresh salty water interface and the water table level deepens abruptly.Keywords: groundwater salinity; Buenos Aires Province (Argentina), spatial variability, geoelectrical soundings. RESUMO.A aplicação da irrigação no Nordeste da Província de Buenos Aires, Argentina, requer o conhecimento das características daágua subterrânea, em particular a salinidade, para evitar perfurações infrutíferas e deterioração do solo. Alguns estudos prévios em grande escala tem mostrado a presença daágua subterrânea salina em diferentes profundidades em locais próximos, e a informação sobre perfuraçõesé escassa. O objetivo do trabalhoé a determinação da profundidade e espessura dos aqüíferos da zona e obter a distribuição espacial da salinidade daágua subterrânea. Foram realizadas Sondagens Elétricas Verticais e a continuidade dos aqüíferos foi analisada ao longo de quatro "transectas" integrando resultados prévios. A metodologia geo-estatística foi usada para obter a variabilidade espacial da resistência elétrica do aqüífero Pampeano que aumenta para Leste. Esta análise também foi realizada para determinar a profundidade da interface daágua doce-água salina, a qual, se aprofunda pela margem esquerda do Pergamino e segue na direção sudeste. Encontrou-se uma zona de transição no sudeste daárea do estudo, a oeste da localidade de Arrecifes, onde a interfaceágua doce-água salina e o nível freático se aprofundam abruptamente.Palavras-chave: salinidade daágua subterrânea, Província de Buenos Aires, distribuição espacial, Sondagens Elétricas Verticais.

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“…m is a factor depending on the shape of the sediments. A value around 1.8-2 is appropriate for porosities between 10 and 30% (McNeill, 1990).…”

Section: Methodology Theoretical Backgroundmentioning

confidence: 99%

Spatial distribution of groundwater salinity at Pergamino: arrecifes zone (Buenos Aires Province, Argentina)

Sainato¹,

Losinno²

2006

Rev. Bras. Geof.

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“…The TEM method was originally developed for use in mineral exploration (Kaufman and Keller, 1983;McNeill, 1990), but over the past 25 years its use has expanded to groundwater and environmental investigations (Fitterman and Stewart, 1986;Fitterman, 1989;Goldman and others, 1991;Fitterman and others, 1999;Fitterman and Labson, 2005).…”

Section: Description Of Transient Electromagnetic Soundingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Transient electromagnetic soundings in the San Luis Valley, Colorado, near the Great Sand Dunes National Park and Preserve and the Alamosa National Wildlife Refuge (field seasons 2007, 2009, and 2011)

Fitterman¹

2017

Data Series

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For more information on the USGS-the Federal source for science about the Earth, its natural and living resources, natural hazards, and the environment-visit https://www.usgs.gov or call 1-888-ASK-USGS.For an overview of USGS information products, including maps, imagery, and publications, visit https://store.usgs.gov.Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government.Although this information product, for the most part, is in the public domain, it also may contain copyrighted materials as noted in the text. Permission to reproduce copyrighted items must be secured from the copyright owner. Electrical conductivity (σ) can be converted to electrical resistivity (ρ) in ohm-meters (ohm-m) as follows. Conversion Factors Electrical conductivity (σ) units Supplemental InformationSpecific conductance (SC) refers to fluid electrical conductivity corrected to a temperature of 25 °C. The units of specific conductance are usually in microsiemens per centimeter (μS/cm). The above conversions apply. DatumHorizontal coordinate information is referenced to the North American Datum of 1927 (NAD27).Elevation information is referenced to the National Geodetic Vertical Datum of 1929 (NGVD 29). Abbreviations AbstractTransient electromagnetic (TEM) soundings were made in the San Luis Valley, Colorado, to map the location of a blue clay unit as well as to investigate the presence of suspected faults. A total of 147 soundings were made near and in Great Sand Dunes National Park and Preserve, and an additional 6 soundings were made near Hansen Bluff on the eastern edge of the Alamosa National Wildlife Refuge. The blue clay is a significant hydrologic feature in the area that separates an unconfined surface aquifer from a deeper confined aquifer. Knowledge of its location is important to regional hydrological models. Previous analysis of well logs has shown that the blue clay has a resistivity of 10 ohm-meters or less, which is in contrast to the higher resistivity of sand, gravel, and other clay units found in the area, making it a very good target for TEM soundings. The top of the blue clay was found to have considerable relief, suggesting the possibility of deformation of the clay during or after deposition. Because of rift activity, deformation is to be expected. Of the TEM profiles made across faults identified by aeromagnetic data, some showed resistivity variations and (or) subsurface elevation relief of resistivity units, suggestive of faulting. Such patterns were not associated with all suspected faults. The Hansen Bluff profile showed variations in resistivity and depth to conductor that coincide with a scarp between the highlands to the east and the floodplain of the Rio Grande to the west.

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“…The theoretical basis for the application of geoelectrical method for hydrocarbon spill detection and mapping in the subsurface is dependent on the contrasting electrical properties of hydrocarbons, soil and groundwater [16,17]. The magnitude of the contrast depends mainly on the hydrocarbon contaminant age and some environmental processes [3,18,4].…”

Section: Basic Electrical Profiling Configurationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hydrocarbon Spill Site Characterization by Electrical Resistivity Tomography and Ground Penetrating Radar Methods - a Review

Oyinkuro

Wariebi²

2017

AJEE

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Assessment of the source and geometry of contaminated soils by hydrocarbon spills is the first step towards designing an effective remediation programme. Electrical Resistivity Tomorgraphy and Ground Penetrating Radar are shown in this review to easily delineate spills under certain conditions. On a 2D-geoelctric profile of the subsurface, recent hydrocarbons spills are reflected as highly resistive anomalous zones, as biodegradation occurs spills become more conductive and may be masked by conductive soil. On a radargram fresh hydrocarbon spills are observed in zones of saturation where resistive fresh hydrocarbon spills displaces conductive water in pore spaces creating anomalous zones. Accurate interpretation of geoelectric profiles and radargrams in the Niger Delta requires knowledge of the lithology of the site of contamination which could easily be obtained by shallow drilling or pitting. Mini-review Article

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7. Use of Electromagnetic Methods for Groundwater Studies

Cited by 196 publications

References 0 publications

Spatial distribution of groundwater salinity at Pergamino: arrecifes zone (Buenos Aires Province, Argentina)

Spatial distribution of groundwater salinity at Pergamino: arrecifes zone (Buenos Aires Province, Argentina)

Transient electromagnetic soundings in the San Luis Valley, Colorado, near the Great Sand Dunes National Park and Preserve and the Alamosa National Wildlife Refuge (field seasons 2007, 2009, and 2011)

Hydrocarbon Spill Site Characterization by Electrical Resistivity Tomography and Ground Penetrating Radar Methods - a Review

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