7 Relativistic Nucleus-Nucleus Collisions and the QCD Matter Phase Diagram

Stock, R.

doi:10.1007/978-3-540-74203-6_7

Cited by 5 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 280 publications

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“…It was the experience with astrophysical objects like supernovae and neutron stars, and with thermonuclear ignition which led the authors to the idea that the nuclear matter shock compression [31] of about five-fold normal nuclear density should be accomplished in violent head-on collisions of heavy nuclei [11]. The goal was to find out the response of the nuclear medium under compression by pressure resisting that compression; i.e., to study the nuclear matter EoS.…”

Section: Heavy Ion Acceleratorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The particle physics community began to adapt existing high-energy proton accelerators to provide heavy-ion nuclear beams in the mid-1970s. The Berkeley Bevalac and JINR Synchrophasotron started to accelerate nuclei to kinetic energies from few hundreds of MeV to several GeV per nucleon [11,125]. By the mid-1980s, the first ultra-relativistic nuclear beams became available.…”

Section: Heavy Ion Acceleratorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The first nuclear collisions took place at CERN in the early 1980s when alpha particles were accelerated to center-of-mass energy per nucleon-nucleon pair √ s NN = 64 GeV at the ISR collider. The new era of research began at CERN in fall 1986, when oxygen-and later on in the summer of 1990, sulphur ions-were injected into the SPS and accelerated up to an energy of 200 GeV/nucleon ( √ s NN = 19.6 GeV) [10][11][12].…”

Section: Heavy Ion Acceleratorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Seven large experiments involved (NA44, NA45/CERES, NA49, NA50, NA52, WA97/NA57, and WA98) studied different aspects of Pb + Pb and Pb+Au collisions at √ s NN = 17.3 GeV and √ s NN = 8.6 GeV [11,12].…”

Section: Heavy Ion Acceleratorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Experimental attack on producing QGP under laboratory conditions started in the world-leading particle physics facilities at CERN (Conseil Européen pour la Recherche Nucléaire, Geneva, Switzerland) and Brookhaven National Laboratory (BNL, New York, NY, USA) in the late 1980s [10][11][12]. In the year 2000, after finishing the main part of its heavy-ion program at the Super Proton Synchrotron (SPS) accelerator, CERN announced circumstantial evidence for the creation of a new state of matter in Pb + Pb collisions [13].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Phenomenological Review on Quark–Gluon Plasma: Concepts vs. Observations

2017

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Abstract:In this review, we present an up-to-date phenomenological summary of research developments in the physics of the Quark-Gluon Plasma (QGP). A short historical perspective and theoretical motivation for this rapidly developing field of contemporary particle physics is provided. In addition, we introduce and discuss the role of the quantum chromodynamics (QCD) ground state, non-perturbative and lattice QCD results on the QGP properties, as well as the transport models used to make a connection between theory and experiment. The experimental part presents the selected results on bulk observables, hard and penetrating probes obtained in the ultra-relativistic heavy-ion experiments carried out at the Brookhaven National Laboratory Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider (BNL RHIC) and CERN Super Proton Synchrotron (SPS) and Large Hadron Collider (LHC) accelerators. We also give a brief overview of new developments related to the ongoing searches of the QCD critical point and to the collectivity in small (p + p and p + A) systems.

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Section: Heavy Ion Acceleratorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Heavy Ion Acceleratorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Heavy Ion Acceleratorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Heavy Ion Acceleratorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Phenomenological Review on Quark–Gluon Plasma: Concepts vs. Observations

2017

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Hadron Formation in Relativistic Nuclear Collisions and the QCD Phase Diagram

et al. 2013

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We have studied particle production in ultrarelativistic nuclear collisions at CERN SPS and LHC energies and the conditions of chemical freeze-out. We have determined the effect of the inelastic reactions between hadrons occurring after hadronization and before chemical freeze-out employing the UrQMD hybrid model. The differences between the initial and the final hadronic multiplicities after the rescattering stage resemble the pattern of data deviation from the statistical equilibrium calculations. By taking these differences into account in the statistical model analysis of the data, we have been able to reconstruct the original hadrochemical equilibrium points in the (T, µB) plane which significantly differ from chemical freeze-out ones and closely follow the parton-hadron phase boundary recently predicted by lattice QCD.PACS numbers: 25.75.Nq,24.85.+p,24.10.Pa,24.10.Nz The phases, and phase transformations of strongly interacting matter represent one of the key remaining questions of the Standard Model. It is the goal of Quantum Chromodynamics (QCD) theory to delineate a phase diagram of such matter [1]. As its most prominent feature, recent results of lattice QCD calculations [2-4] predict a phase transformation between confined hadrons and deconfined quarks and gluons. A parton-hadron coexistence line results, in the plane spanned by temperature T and baryochemical potential µ B , the principal variables of a phase diagram derived from the grand canonical equilibrium thermodynamics of quarks and gluons, as considered on the lattice [2]. The coexistence line (or phase boundary) originates, at µ B = 0 MeV, with a temperature T = 165 ± 8 MeV, far into the nonperturbative sector of QCD. The nature of the transition is a narrow cross-over here [5]. It continues, with a slight downward curvature, up to a µ B of about 600 MeV [6][7][8] perhaps featuring a critical point [9,10] whereupon the transition would become first order.Relativistic nucleus-nucleus collisions aim to identify such features of the phase diagram [11]. The large collisional volume undergoes an evolution of the contained QCD matter, starting from conditions far from quarkgluon equilibrium during interpenetration of the collision partners. After a certain formation time the collisional fireball will approach quark and gluon chemical equilibrium, at least locally, and a hydrodynamic expansion evolution will set in which proceeds along a trajectory in the (T, µ B ) plane [12]. With increasing collision energy these trajectories sample across this plane toward µ B = 0 MeV, the site of the primordial cosmological evolution, which is closely approached by recent experiments at RHIC and LHC [13]. Various physics observables get formed at different stages of the evolution. They "freeze in" thus surviving the subsequent stages essentially unobliterated, and thus preserve information pertinent to various regions of the phase diagram [11]. In this Letter we shall focus on results concerning the position, in (T, µ B ), of the parton-hadron phase boundary...

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Analysis of b jets in p–Pb collisions at $\sqrt{sNN}$ = 5 TeV with ALICE

Isakov¹

2020

Proceedings of European Physical Society Conference on High Energy Physics — PoS(EPS-HEP2019)

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7 Relativistic Nucleus-Nucleus Collisions and the QCD Matter Phase Diagram

Cited by 5 publications

References 280 publications

Phenomenological Review on Quark–Gluon Plasma: Concepts vs. Observations

Phenomenological Review on Quark–Gluon Plasma: Concepts vs. Observations

Hadron Formation in Relativistic Nuclear Collisions and the QCD Phase Diagram

Analysis of b jets in p–Pb collisions at $\sqrt{sNN}$ = 5 TeV with ALICE

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