7?-hydroxysterol is cytotoxic to neonatal rat astrocytes in primary culture when cAMP levels are increased

Bochelen, Damien; Langley, Keith; Adamczyk, Monika; Kupferberg, A.; Hor, F.; Vincendon, G.; Mersel, Marcel

doi:10.1002/1097-4547(20001001)62:1<99::aid-jnr11>3.0.co;2-2

Cited by 8 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 47 publications

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“…Moreover, high concentrations of 7β-OHC (50 µM) and, to a lower extent, of 7-KC (50 µM) have been shown to exert cytotoxic effects, both on cell viability and cell growth, in C6 glioma cells and in mixed glial murine primary cultures (astrocytes and oligodendrocytes), as well as in 158N murine oligodendrocytes and in SK-N-BE neuroblastoma cells [ 155 ]. High concentrations of 7β-OHC (30 µM) have been shown to induce a morphological change characterized by processes elongation and to induce cytotoxicity in rat primary astrocytes with increased cAMP levels, which are considered a valid in vitro model of reactive astrocytes [ 156 ]. Contrasting results have indicated that the injection of liposomes containing 7β-OHC in the hippocampus of rats previously injected with iron reduces the extent of reactive astrogliosis by lowering GFAP expression [ 157 ].…”

Section: The Involvement Of Astrocytes In Brain Cholesterol Dysmetabolismmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cholesterol Dysmetabolism in Alzheimer’s Disease: A Starring Role for Astrocytes?

Staurenghi¹,

Giannelli²,

Testa³

et al. 2021

Antioxidants

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In recent decades, the impairment of cholesterol metabolism in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) has been intensively investigated, and it has been recognized to affect amyloid β (Aβ) production and clearance, tau phosphorylation, neuroinflammation and degeneration. In particular, the key role of cholesterol oxidation products, named oxysterols, has emerged. Brain cholesterol metabolism is independent from that of peripheral tissues and it must be preserved in order to guarantee cerebral functions. Among the cells that help maintain brain cholesterol homeostasis, astrocytes play a starring role since they deliver de novo synthesized cholesterol to neurons. In addition, other physiological roles of astrocytes are to modulate synaptic transmission and plasticity and support neurons providing energy. In the AD brain, astrocytes undergo significant morphological and functional changes that contribute to AD onset and development. However, the extent of this contribution and the role played by oxysterols are still unclear. Here we review the current understanding of the physiological role exerted by astrocytes in the brain and their contribution to AD pathogenesis. In particular, we focus on the impact of cholesterol dysmetabolism on astrocyte functions suggesting new potential approaches to develop therapeutic strategies aimed at counteracting AD development.

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Section: The Involvement Of Astrocytes In Brain Cholesterol Dysmetabolismmentioning

confidence: 99%