6H-Indolo[2,3-b]quinoxaline-based organic dyes containing different electron-rich conjugated linkers for highly efficient dye-sensitized solar cells

Indole fused heterocycles as sensitizers in dye-sensitized solar cells: an overview

“…cyanoacrylic acid as donor and acceptor groups, respectively. 24 The sensitizers 7, 8, and 9 differ in the selection of conjugated spacers, which were oligothiophene, thienylcarbazole, and furylcarbazole, respectively (Figure 2). The dyes exhibited efficiencies in the order 7>9>8…”

“…While the considerably improved V oc contributed the increment in device performance of co-sensitized 22-23, a slight increment in current density for 19 caused a corresponding increment in PCE. In the subsequent work, the -spacer in 18-20 was changed to thiophene from benzene, and the performance of the sensitizers (24)(25)(26) was evaluated under full sun illumination (Figure 7). 29 The dyes exhibited efficiencies in the range 4.92-5.27%, which was higher than previously reported sensitizers having phenyl as a spacer.…”

Indoloquinoxaline as a terminal building block for the construction of π-conjugated small molecules relevant to organic electronics

“…These indoloquinoxaline derivatives, similar to our reported material but with functionalization occurring through the 9-position, have been successfully incorporated into small molecule architectures and have exhibited potential for application in organic electronics. [45][46][47][48] In this study we utilized o-phenylenediamine with 6-bromoisatin to access a unique building block, IQ, which is employed as an end-capping unit to effectively extend the π-conjugation and promote a planar framework. In the context of strongly electron donating and electron accepting building blocks, IQ can be described as electron neutral, as it contains both electron donating and electron withdrawing nitrogen atoms.…”

C−H Direct Arylated 6H‐Indolo[2,3‐b]quinoxaline Derivative as a Thickness‐Dependent Hole‐Injection Layer

“…However, there have been af ew reports aboutt he application of 6Hindolo [2,3-b]quinoxaline derivatives (IQs) as HIL materials. Since their discovery, [24] IQsh ave not only found many significant applications in biochemistry and medicinal chemistry [25][26][27][28][29] but also found applications in material science as electrontransporta nd light-emitting layers of organice lectronic devices [30][31][32][33][34][35] owing to their unique p-conjugated structures and exceptional stability.A lthough their synthetic methodsa nd mechanisms have been systematically studied, [36][37][38] CÀCc oupling methods are usually not eco-friendly [32,35] owing to the greater amounts of toxic organic tin reagents or harsh organic lithium reagents than are used in CÀHd irect arylation. [39,40] Therefore, the research and development of eco-friendly organic HIL materials should help to determine an effective strategy for green and sustainable electronics.…”