6G Vision, Value, Use Cases and Technologies From European 6G Flagship Project Hexa-X

Uusitalo, Mikko A.; Rugeland, Patrik; Boldi, Mauro; Strinati, Emilio Calvanese; Demestichas, Panagiotis; Ericson, M.; Fettweis, Gerhard; Filippou, Miltiadis C.; Gati, Azeddine; Hamon, Marie-Hélène; Hoffmann, Marco; Latva-aho, Matti; Pärssinen, Aarno; Richerzhagen, Björn; Schotten, Hans D.; Svensson, Tommy; Wikström, Gustav; Wymeersch, Henk; Ziegler, Volker; Zou, Yuexian

doi:10.1109/access.2021.3130030

Cited by 122 publications

(50 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…These days, the primary goal of all initiatives is to draw out long-term strategic roadmaps for the 6G wireless network. According to [59], more than EUR 95 million will be invested in B5G and 6G research between 2017 and 2025. These initiatives are supported by Horizon2020, the EU's research and innovation framework program.…”

Section: The 6g Essential Projectsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Security Requirements and Challenges of 6G Technologies and Applications

Hakeem

Hussein

Kim

2022

Sensors

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After implementing 5G technology, academia and industry started researching 6th generation wireless network technology (6G). 6G is expected to be implemented around the year 2030. It will offer a significant experience for everyone by enabling hyper-connectivity between people and everything. In addition, it is expected to extend mobile communication possibilities where earlier generations could not have developed. Several potential technologies are predicted to serve as the foundation of 6G networks. These include upcoming and current technologies such as post-quantum cryptography, artificial intelligence (AI), machine learning (ML), enhanced edge computing, molecular communication, THz, visible light communication (VLC), and distributed ledger (DL) technologies such as blockchain. From a security and privacy perspective, these developments need a reconsideration of prior security traditional methods. New novel authentication, encryption, access control, communication, and malicious activity detection must satisfy the higher significant requirements of future networks. In addition, new security approaches are necessary to ensure trustworthiness and privacy. This paper provides insights into the critical problems and difficulties related to the security, privacy, and trust issues of 6G networks. Moreover, the standard technologies and security challenges per each technology are clarified. This paper introduces the 6G security architecture and improvements over the 5G architecture. We also introduce the security issues and challenges of the 6G physical layer. In addition, the AI/ML layers and the proposed security solution in each layer are studied. The paper summarizes the security evolution in legacy mobile networks and concludes with their security problems and the most essential 6G application services and their security requirements. Finally, this paper provides a complete discussion of 6G networks’ trustworthiness and solutions.

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Section: The 6g Essential Projectsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Security Requirements and Challenges of 6G Technologies and Applications

Hakeem

Hussein

Kim

2022

Sensors

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“…This is due to the fact that the BER requirements are stricter (cf. (1)). However, we can appreciate how, above a given threshold, BER requirements do not strongly affect goal effectiveness, meaning that a slightly increased BER leads to similar performance in terms of the effectiveness, in all network conditions (obviously with different values according to MEH availability).…”

Section: A the Trade-off Between Goal Effectiveness And Costsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effective Goal-oriented 6G Communications: the Energy-aware Edge Inferencing Case

Merluzzi¹,

Filippou²,

Baltar³

et al. 2022

Preprint

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Currently, the world experiences an unprecedentedly increasing generation of application data, from sensor measurements to video streams, thanks to the extreme connectivity capability provided by 5G networks. Going beyond 5G technology, such data aim to be ingested by Artificial Intelligence (AI) functions instantiated in the network to facilitate informed decisions, essential for the operation of applications, such as automated driving and factory automation. Nonetheless, while computing platforms hosting Machine Learning (ML) models are ever powerful, their energy footprint is a key impeding factor towards realizing a wireless network as a sustainable intelligent platform. Focusing on a beyond 5G wireless network, overlaid by a Multi-access Edge Computing (MEC) infrastructure with inferencing capabilities, our paper tackles the problem of energy-aware dependable inference by considering inference effectiveness as value of a goal that needs to be accomplished by paying the minimum price in energy consumption. Both MEC-assisted standalone and ensemble inference options are evaluated. It is shown that, for some system scenarios, goal effectiveness above 84% is achieved and sustained even by relaxing communication reliability requirements by one decimal digit, while enjoying a device radio energy consumption reduction of almost 23% at the same time. Also, ensemble inference is shown to improve system-wide energy efficiency and even achieve higher goal effectiveness, as compared to the standalone case for some system parameterizations.

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“…A robust, scalable, and efficient 6G network is thus necessary to meet the diverse requirements of the upcoming decade. Research efforts towards defining 6G have been pursued by academic researchers [2], [8]- [10], major international research projects [11] and key industrial players [12], [13].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Due to the diversity of use cases and application areas, 6G is expected to be a 'network of networks' that will aggregate multiple types of resources connecting at different scales [11].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Functional Architecture for 6G Special-Purpose Industrial IoT Networks

Mahmood

Berardinelli

Khatib³

et al. 2023

IEEE Trans. Ind. Inf.

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Future industrial applications will encompass compelling new use cases requiring stringent performance guarantees over multiple key performance indicators (KPI) such as reliability, dependability, latency, time synchronization, security, etc. Achieving such stringent and diverse service requirements necessitates the design of a special-purpose Industrial Internet of Things (IIoT) network comprising a multitude of specialized functionalities and technological enablers. This article proposes an innovative architecture for such a special-purpose 6G IIoT network incorporating seven functional building blocks categorized into: special-purpose functionalities and enabling technologies. The former consists of Wireless Environment Control, Traffic/Channel Prediction, Proactive Resource Management and End-to-End Optimization functions; whereas the latter includes Synchronization and Coordination, Machine Learning and Artificial Intelligence Algorithms, and Auxiliary Functions. The proposed architecture aims at providing a resource-efficient and holistic solution for the complex and dynamically challenging requirements imposed by future 6G industrial use cases. Selected test scenarios are provided and assessed to illustrate cross-functional collaboration and demonstrate the applicability of the proposed architecture in a wireless IIoT network.

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6G Vision, Value, Use Cases and Technologies From European 6G Flagship Project Hexa-X

Cited by 122 publications

References 30 publications

Security Requirements and Challenges of 6G Technologies and Applications

Security Requirements and Challenges of 6G Technologies and Applications

Effective Goal-oriented 6G Communications: the Energy-aware Edge Inferencing Case

A Functional Architecture for 6G Special-Purpose Industrial IoT Networks

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