664 Cardiovascular Risk Factors in Middle-Aged and Elderly Residents in South-East Nigeria - The Influence of Urbanization

Ejim, EC; Onwubere, Bjc; Okafor, Charles O.; Ulasi, Ifeoma; Emehel, A.; Onyia, U.; Akabueze, Jude; Mendis, Shanti

doi:10.1097/01.hjh.0000420494.23456.20

Cited by 3 publications

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“… Cappuccio, 2004, Ghana** [ 37 ] Residents of Ashanti region of Ghana aged 40–75 years 1013 {53.4%} 481 (47.5) 628 (62.0) 54.7 ± 11.3 28.7 24.1 Semi-urban 32.9 6. Ejim, 2013, Nigeria [ 15 ] Residents of Enugu state, South-eastern Nigeria aged 40–70 years 543 {NR} Rural 70.4% Urban 40% 308 (56.7) 373 (68.7) 56.3 ± 9.9 47.7 45.1 51.1 7. Houehanou, 2015, Benin [ 10 ] Randomly selected national sample of persons in Benin aged above 24 years and below 65 years.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The evidence regarding differences in the prevalence of hypertension between rural and urban areas of West Africa has been mixed, with some studies reporting higher prevalence in urban areas [ 7 , 10 , 11 ], some reporting higher prevalence in rural areas [ 12 , 13 ], and others reporting no significant difference [ 14 , 15 ]. Although there are a few previously published systematic reviews on hypertension in adults in SSA [ 16 – 18 ], alongside a number of review articles on the same subject [ 19 , 20 ], none has specifically focused on examining the rural-urban differences in the prevalence of hypertension on the continent, or in the West African sub-region.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Rural-urban difference in the prevalence of hypertension in West Africa: a systematic review and meta-analysis

et al. 2022

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Urbanisation is considered a major contributor to the rising prevalence of hypertension in West Africa, yet the evidence regarding rural-urban differences in the prevalence of hypertension in the region has been mixed. A systematic literature search of four electronic databases: PubMed, Embase, African Journals Online, and WHO’s African Index Medicus; and reference lists of eligible studies was carried out. Original quantitative studies describing the rural-urban difference in the prevalence of hypertension in one or more countries in West Africa, and published in English language from the year 2000 to 2021 were included. A random effects meta-analysis model was used to estimate the odds ratio of hypertension in rural compared to urban locations. A limited sex-based random effects meta-analysis was conducted with 16 studies that provided sex-disaggregated data. Of the 377 studies screened, 22 met the inclusion criteria (n = 62,907). The prevalence of hypertension was high in both rural, and urban areas, ranging from 9.7% to 60% in the rural areas with a pooled prevalence of 27.4%; and 15.5% to 59.2% in the urban areas with a pooled prevalence of 33.9%. The odd of hypertension were lower in rural compared to urban dwellers [OR 0.74, 95% CI: 0.66-0.83; p < 0.001]. The pooled prevalence of hypertension was 32.6% in males, and 30.0% in females, with no significant difference in the odds of hypertension between the sexes [OR 0.91, 95% CI: 0.8-1.05, p = 0.196]. Comprehensive hypertension control policies are needed for both rural, and urban areas in West Africa, and for both sexes.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Rural-urban difference in the prevalence of hypertension in West Africa: a systematic review and meta-analysis

et al. 2022

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“…In the Sub-Saharan countries, it is more likely that female will be overweight or obese than male, this makes female to have higher prevalence of diabetes, compared with men, women in Uganda [16] were found to have higher prevalence of diabetes. However, in Nigeria [17] and Ghana [18], women were found to have lower prevalence of diabetes compared to men in the same areas. The results of a present meta-analysis showed that men living in low income countries in the Sub-Saharan region were more likely to be diagnosed with diabetes than women in those countries [19].…”

Section: Literature Reviewmentioning

confidence: 89%

Modeling Diabetes Risk Factors (A Case Study of Focus Medical Centre in Kiambu, Kenya 2016)

Mageto¹

2018

SJAMS

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This study sought to model risk factors of diabetes (A case study of Focus Medical Center in Kiambu, Kenya) for the year 2016. We considered sample of size 181 patients and carried descriptive statistics, bivariate analysis, Chi-Square test and Hosmer and Lemeshow test. The independence test between response variable (diabetes) and predictor variables (age, obesity, alcohol, smoking and hypertension) was carried. The variables age, obesity, alcohol and hypertension were found to be statistically significant at α =0.05 level of significant. A multiple logistic regression model was fitted and the fitted regression model indicated that the predictor variables age, obesity and alcohol were statistically significant. The results of the odds ratios show that age, obesity and alcohol consumption are positively associated with diabetes. The fitted reduced multiple logistic regression model was subjected to an overall goodness-of-fit test and results indicate that there is no significant difference between the observed and predicted probability. Based on the results of this study, we recommend that special attention should be given to individuals advanced in age, consume alcohol or who are obese for screening as there is a high possibility of testing positive for diabetes for health care givers to monitor and manage the condition. Further, healthy lifestyles should be promoted among the general population and in particular, the diabetic patients to increase the chance of properly managing the condition. A further study ought to be conducted to assess treatment interventions of diabetes to ascertain the effectiveness and recommend the best medication for patients suffering from diabetes.

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“…[ 19 20 ] The impact of urban residence in similar population as ours has also been observed by others authors. [ 21 22 ] Though the association between obesity and urbanization has been widely acknowledged, Voss et al . [ 23 ] found an inverse association between obesity prevalence and urbanization.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The magnitude of obesity and its relationship to blood pressure among the residents of Enugu metropolis in South East Nigeria

Okafor¹,

Anyaehie²,

Ofoegbu³

2014

Ann Med Health Sci Res

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Background:Obesity in developing nations is no longer as uncommon as it was thought to be decades ago however paucity of data on the burden of obesity from urban communities was observed by previous workers.Aim:To determine the magnitude of obesity and its relationship to blood pressure among urban adult residents in Enugu metropolis.Subjects and Methods:A cross-sectional community survey of adults who were not known to have diabetes or hypertension by self-report was carried out. Four parts of the metropolis selected by simple random sampling were used and consenting individuals aged 18-70 years were consecutively recruited. Anthropometric measurements were done using standard procedures as specified in the World Health Organization STEPs instrument. Obesity was determined using widely acknowledged body mass index (BMI) ≥30 kg/m2. Descriptive and inferential statistical analyses was performed using SPSS with P value set at <0.05.Results:A high prevalence of obesity of 21.2% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 18.3-24.1) was found among the participants with significant female gender preponderance. The burden increased with age with the middle age group highly involved. Attainment of age of 40 years and above had an increased odd of developing obesity (odds ratio = 1.8; 95% CI: 1.3-2.6). There was a relationship between blood pressure and BMI as shown by positive correlation, higher BMI among hypertensive subjects and high burden of elevated blood pressure among obese subjects (91/164; 55.5%).Conclusion:A high magnitude of obesity existed among this apparently healthy unaware adults resident in an urban Nigerian city and obesity is associated with elevation in blood pressure.

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664 Cardiovascular Risk Factors in Middle-Aged and Elderly Residents in South-East Nigeria - The Influence of Urbanization

Cited by 3 publications

References 0 publications

Rural-urban difference in the prevalence of hypertension in West Africa: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Rural-urban difference in the prevalence of hypertension in West Africa: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Modeling Diabetes Risk Factors (A Case Study of Focus Medical Centre in Kiambu, Kenya 2016)

The magnitude of obesity and its relationship to blood pressure among the residents of Enugu metropolis in South East Nigeria

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