64. On the kinetics of graphitization

Fischbach, D. B.

doi:10.1016/0008-6223(65)90130-2

Cited by 15 publications

(21 citation statements)

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“…Dark-field TEM imaging in conjunction with TEM grid tilting reveals that these rims consist ofcarbon, and have layer lattice spacings 00.5-3.8 A. These data suggest that the rims are poorly-graphitized carbon (PGC), which is formed by the thermal processing of graphitizable carbon compounds including complex macromolecular hydrocarbons such as kerogen (Fischbach, 1971;Brearley, 1990). Graphitization is a thermally-activated, irreversible process that is sluggish and involves the progressive loss of'H, Nand 0 from the organic material as temperature is increased.…”

Section: I I Imentioning

confidence: 99%

Mineralogy of Tagish Lake: An ungrouped type 2 carbonaceous chondrite

Zolensky

Nakamura

Gounelle

et al. 2002

Meteorit & Planetary Scien

222

319

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Abstract-In this paper we describe the recovery, handling and preliminary mineralogical investigation ofthe Tagish Lake meteorite. Tagish Lake is a type 2 carbonaceous chondrite which bears similarities to CIl and CM chondrite groups, but is distinct from both. Abundant phyllosilicates as well as chondrules (however sparse) and common olivine grains in the matrix preclude any other classification.The bulk density of Tagish Lake (1.67 glee) is far lower than CI or CM chondrites (2.2-2.3 and 2.6-2.9 glee, respectively), or any other meteorite for that matter. We have identified two lithologies: a dominant carbonate-poor lithology and a less-abundant carbonate-rich lithology. The meteorite is a breccia at all scales.We have noted similarities between Tagish Lake and some clasts within the enigmatic meteorite Kaidun; possibly there are genetic relationships here worth exploring. In the paper we describe a clast ofCMl material within Tagish Lake which is very similar to a major lithology in Kaidun.

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Section: I I Imentioning

confidence: 99%

Mineralogy of Tagish Lake: An ungrouped type 2 carbonaceous chondrite

Zolensky

Nakamura

Gounelle

et al. 2002

Meteorit & Planetary Scien

222

319

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“…19 Using the excess free energy of disordered carbon as a driving force, a carbide phase formed from the catalyst species moves preferentially through the disordered carbon structure, consuming disordered carbon and precipitating graphite crystallites. 23 While several of these catalyst methods have shown promise in affecting the formation of graphite in nongraphitizable carbons, they have only been evaluated for use on synthetic structures (e.g., thin films on the order of 100 nm 19 and aerogels containing catalysts introduced during gel synthesis 24 ) and powdered cellulosic materials (e.g., sawdust 20 ). Due to the complex natural microstructure of wood precursors, and the inability to incorporate catalyst species during scaffold growth, new methods are necessary to obtain graphitic structures that retain the unique porous geometries of the natural precursor materials.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Catalytic graphitization of three-dimensional wood-derived porous scaffolds

Johnson

Faber

2011

J. Mater. Res.

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A catalytic technique to enhance graphite formation in nongraphitizing carbons was adapted to work with three-dimensional wood-derived scaffolds. Unlike many synthetic graphite precursors, wood and other cellulosic carbons remain largely disordered after high temperature pyrolysis. Using a nickel nitrate liquid catalyst and controlled pyrolysis conditions, wood-derived scaffolds were produced showing similar graphitic content to traditional pitch-based graphite while retaining the high-aspect ratio pores of the precursor wood microstructure. Graphite formation was studied as a function of processing time and pyrolysis temperature, and the resulting carbons were analyzed using x-ray diffraction, Raman spectroscopy, x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and electron microscopy techniques.

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“…It is well known that the graphitization process is one of the most basic and important processes in carbon science because this technique is a very powerful tool for modifying the structure of carbon materials [1][2][3]. Graphitization itself is very simple transition process from a disordered to ordered structure, accompanying the removal of foreign atoms and defects.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of reduction on graphitization behavior of mesophase pitch-derived carbon fibers

Kim

Muramatsu

Kojima

et al. 2005

Journal of Physics and Chemistry of Solids

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Chemically reduced solid-state mesophase pitch carbon fibers below 1000 o C in a flow of hydrogen gas was heat treated up to 3000 o C in an argon atmosphere in order to evaluate the effect of hydrogen on the graphitization behavior. Major phenomena observed during the reduction process are chemical transformation from an ether to a hydroxyl group (corresponding to the rupture of the C-O-C bond) and their subsequent evolution as gases.Finally, oversupplied hydrogen might be utilized to satisfy the dangling bond. For sample heat treated at 3000 o C, the low crystallinity indicates that hydrogen atoms covalently bonded to the end planes of graphitic layers act as an effective barrier to crystallite growth.

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64. On the kinetics of graphitization

Cited by 15 publications

References 0 publications

Mineralogy of Tagish Lake: An ungrouped type 2 carbonaceous chondrite

Mineralogy of Tagish Lake: An ungrouped type 2 carbonaceous chondrite

Catalytic graphitization of three-dimensional wood-derived porous scaffolds

Effect of reduction on graphitization behavior of mesophase pitch-derived carbon fibers

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