63.5–65.5-GHz Transmit/Receive Phased-Array Communication Link With 0.5–2 Gb/s at 100–800 m and ± 50° Scan Angles

Rupakula, Bhaskara; Nafe, Ahmed; Zihir, Samet; Wang, Yao-Chen; Lin, Tay-Jyi; Rebeiz, Gabriel M.

doi:10.1109/tmtt.2018.2839185

Cited by 56 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…As regards the measured side lobe levels (SLLs), they are below −12 dB and there is a satisfactory agreement between the measurements and the theoretical values. Measured SLLs reported by other researchers are below −12 dB …”

Section: Measurements and Performance Evaluationmentioning

confidence: 69%

“…Measured SLLs reported by other researchers are below −12 dB. [5][6][7]9,10 4 | CONCLUSION A simple and inexpensive 1 × 8 adaptive beamformer, scalable in amplitude and phase, for phased array antenna applications, has been implemented herein. The structure operates in the range 1.74 to 2.06 GHz, where the average amplitude imbalance is AE0.8 dB and the average phase deviation does not exceed AE6 .…”

Section: Measurements and Performance Evaluationmentioning

confidence: 82%

“…Their key components are a 4 × 4 Butler matrix and a single‐pole four‐throw beam‐selection switch, whereas an additional T/R switch is used in Reference . Recently, the SiGe BiCMOS technology has been used to integrate T/R beamforming units in a printed circuit board (PCB) with microstrip phased array antennas operating at 28 GHz, whereas a T/R phased array built on a PCB with multiple SiGe chips has been presented by, albeit at 64 GHz.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Design and implementation of an adaptive beamformer for phased array antenna applications

Adamidis

Vardiambasis

Ioannidou

et al. 2020

Micro & Optical Tech Letters

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A modular beamformer, fully scalable in amplitude and phase, to be used with transmitting antenna arrays operating in the Digital Cellular System (DCS)/Personal Communications Service (PCS) frequency band, is designed and fabricated in this paper. The implementation of the structure is simple and very low cost; its performance is evaluated by measuring the frequency response, as well as the radiation patterns produced by an antenna array connected to the output of the beamformer. The latter exhibits low return losses and average amplitude imbalance less than ±0.8 dB, whereas the phase deviations do not exceed ±6° on average, over its 300 MHz bandwidth.

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Section: Measurements and Performance Evaluationmentioning

confidence: 69%

Section: Measurements and Performance Evaluationmentioning

confidence: 82%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Design and implementation of an adaptive beamformer for phased array antenna applications

Adamidis

Vardiambasis

Ioannidou

et al. 2020

Micro & Optical Tech Letters

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“…Our 60 GHz virtual phased-array channel sounder collecting a channel measurement in NLoS conditions, with the transmitter in the lobby and the receiver in the lecture room.array of 30 x 30 elements at R, so a single measurement consists of = 900 ( = 1, = 900) recorded CIRs. The dimensions are comparable to real phased arrays boards fabricated at 60 GHz[32]. (Since there is no T array, only AoA (not AoD) can be estimated.)…”

mentioning

confidence: 88%

“…Super-resolution techniques such as CLEAN [23], MUSIC [24], ESPRIT [25], SAGE [26], RiMAX [27] (to name a few) can obtain angular resolution beyond the inherent beamwidth of the antennas, but require phase coherence across the array elements. While phase drift can be tolerated and somewhat mitigated at microwave to achieve reasonable accuracy [28]- [30], even the best Rubidium (Rb) clocks (which are state-of-the-art for synchronization between the T and R) have short-term clock drift rate of 1-2 ns/min [31], tantamount to phase drift of more than one cycle at 60 GHz for a scan duration just 1 s. The phase drift is exacerbated at mmWave due to much longer scan durations resulting from larger array sizes (or equivalent narrower beams), typically a few elements at microwave but easily in the hundreds at mmWave in order to synthesize high gain [32]. Even for shorter durations, spikes up to 4 ns in clock drift have been observed from non-fluid motion when one end of the sounder is mobile [31].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Blind Calibration of Phase Drift in Millimeter-Wave Channel Sounders

et al. 2020

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Millimeter-wave channel sounders are much more sensitive to phase drift than their microwave counterparts by virtue of shorter wavelength. This matters when coherently combining untethered channel measurementsscanned over multiple antennas either electronically or mechanically in seconds, minutes, or even hoursto obtain directional information. To eliminate phase drift, a synchronization cable between the transmitter and receiver is required, limiting deployment range and flexibility indoors, and precluding most outdoor and mobile scenarios. Instead, we propose a blind technique to calibrate for phase drift by postprocessing the channel measurements; the technique is referred to as blind because it requires no reference signal and, as such, works even in non-line-of-sight conditions when the (reference) direct path goes undetected. To substantiate the technique, it was tested on real measurements collected with our 60 GHz virtual phased-array channel sounder, as well as through simulation. The technique was demonstrated robust enough to deal with the most severe case of phase drift (uniformly distributed phase) and in non-line-of-sight conditions.

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A review of microwave electronically scanned array: Concepts and applications

Sun

Zhao

Zheng

et al. 2022

Int J RF Mic Comp-Aid Eng

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As the application of microwave to radar and 5G communication goes wider, the array beam scanning capability has become an important and popular issue in modern society. Appropriate implementation of beam scanning methods suitable for diverse conditions could provide better performance and help to save costs for a system. Moreover, electronically scanned array has the characteristics of fast beam switching rate, high measurement accuracy and low profile. Thus, discussions on typical electronic scanning approaches are particularly necessary. This paper first presents a review of typical electronic scanning approaches to microwave arrays, such as the phased array, the focused aperture array, the frequency scanning array, and the time modulated array. And then some latest designs in the industry have been introduced. In addition, problems appeared in the application of the phased array and relevant solutions have been put forward. For the rest, some discussions are briefly summarized, as well as some comments on future trend in this field.

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63.5–65.5-GHz Transmit/Receive Phased-Array Communication Link With 0.5–2 Gb/s at 100–800 m and ± 50° Scan Angles

Cited by 56 publications

References 17 publications

Design and implementation of an adaptive beamformer for phased array antenna applications

Design and implementation of an adaptive beamformer for phased array antenna applications

Blind Calibration of Phase Drift in Millimeter-Wave Channel Sounders

A review of microwave electronically scanned array: Concepts and applications

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