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Abstract

The pharmacokinetics of danofloxacin was determined in five clinically normal adult female goats after intravenous (IV) or intramuscular (IM) doses of 1.25 mg/kg body weight. Blood and urine samples were collected from each animal at precise time intervals. Serum and urine concentrations were determined using microbiological assay methods and the data were subjected to kinetic analysis. After intravenous injection, the serum concentration time curves of danofloxacin were characteristic of a two-compartment open model. The drug was rapidly distributed and eliminated with half-lives of 17.71 +/- 1.38 min and 81.18 +/- 3.70 min, respectively. The drug persisted in the central, highly perfused organs with a K12/K21 ratio of 0.67 +/- 0.25. The mean volume of distribution at a steady state (Vdss was 1.42 +/- 0.15 L/kg. After intramuscular administration, the serum concentration peaked after 0.58 +/- 0.04 h at approximately 0.33 +/- 0.01 microg/ml. While danofloxacin could be detected in serum for 4 and 6 h, it was recovered in urine for up to 24 and 72 h after IV and IM administration, respectively. The systemic bioavailability after IM injection was 65.70% +/- 10.28% and the serum protein-bound fraction was 13.55 +/- 1.78%.

Concentrations of danofloxacin 18% solution in plasma, milk and tissues after subcutaneous injection in dairy cows

“…The high penetration of DAF from blood into milk after subcutaneous administration is demonstrated by a high AUC milk/AUC plasma (1.59) and a high C max milk /C max plasma (2.68) ratios. Similar results were obtained in other studies with DAF 2.5% and other quinolones [30,31,27,[32][33][34].…”

Pharmacokinetics, urinary excretion and plasma protein binding of danofloxacin following intravenous administration in buffalo calves (Bubalus bubalis)

“…The t 1/2α was 0.16±0.07 h in buffalo calves. Similarly, rapid distribution of danofloxacin has been reported in cows, ewes and goats (Atef et al 2001;Shem-Tov et al 1997, 1998 (Giles et al 1991;Apley & Upson 1993;Aliabadi & Lees 2001). In sheep, the t 1/2 β of 3.39 h obtained by Aliabadi et al (2003) after iv administration of danofloxacin at the same dose rate compared to values obtained in this investigation are indicative of differences in pharmacokinetics between species.…”

“…In buffalo calves, danofloxacin was quantified up to 16 h compared to study conducted by Apley and Upson (1993) in which authors could detect the drug up to 24 h after intravenous administration in cow calves. However, it was detected up to 4 h in goats and 12 h in cattle (Giles et al 1991;Atef et al 2001). Plasma concentration-time relationships and tissue and biological fluid concentrations for danofloxacin in cow calves have been determined in several investigations (Apley & Upson 1993;Shem-Tov et al 1997, 1998McKellar et al 1999;Shojaee Aliabadi & Lees 2003).…”

Pharmacokinetics of thiamphenicol in normal and pasteurella multocida infected lactating goats

“…Urine/serum concentration ratios of thiamphenicol after repeated intramuscular injection in normal and experimentally pasteurella multocida infected goats were calculated and illustrated in table (8).Creatinineclearancee(ml/min/10 kglbwt. )1expressing glomerular filtration raterfromnblood ofogoatsowasfshownsinatablew (9). Thelrate) of Tthiamphenicoliclearancel (ml/min/10 kglbwt.…”

“…Group (3): It included 4 experimentally infected post-partum lactating goats with Pasteurella multocida, which was sub cultured according to Zamir -saad and Shafarin (2007) into blood agar at 37 o c for 24 hours then uniform sized colonies were selected and cultured into brain heart infusion broth and incubated for 16 hours at 37oc. The vaiable count was adjusted by Macferland tube to obtain concentration of 1X10 9 micro-organisms/ml.The The infecting dose for each lactating goat was 1 ml subcutaneously in the dorsolateral side of the neck. The clinical symptoms of bacteraemia as fever and nasal discharge, appeared after 48-72 hours of injection with Pasteurella multocida suspension.…”