6′- O -Caffeoyldihydrosyringin isolated from Aster glehni suppresses lipopolysaccharide-induced iNOS, COX-2, TNF-α, IL-1β and IL-6 expression via NF-κB and AP-1 inactivation in RAW 264.7 macrophages

Jiang

et al. 2016

IJMS

Chloranthalactone B (CTB), a lindenane-type sesquiterpenoid, was obtained from the Chinese medicinal herb Sarcandra glabra, which is frequently used as a remedy for inflammatory diseases. However, the anti-inflammatory mechanisms of CTB have not been fully elucidated. In this study, we investigated the molecular mechanisms underlying these effects in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated RAW264.7 macrophages. CTB strongly inhibited the production of nitric oxide and pro-inflammatory mediators such as prostaglandin E2, tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α), interleukin-1β (IL-1β), and IL-6 in RAW264.7 cells stimulated with LPS. A reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction assay and Western blot further confirmed that CTB inhibited the expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase, cyclooxygenase-2, TNF-α, and IL-1β at the transcriptional level, and decreased the luciferase activities of activator protein (AP)-1 reporter promoters. These data suggest that inhibition occurred at the transcriptional level. In addition, CTB blocked the activation of p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) but not c-Jun N-terminal kinase or extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2. Furthermore, CTB suppressed the phosphorylation of MKK3/6 by targeting the binding sites via formation of hydrogen bonds. Our findings clearly show that CTB inhibits the production of inflammatory mediators by inhibiting the AP-1 and p38 MAPK pathways. Therefore, CTB could potentially be used as an anti-inflammatory agent.

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Anti-Inflammatory Effects of Chloranthalactone B in LPS-Stimulated RAW264.7 Cells

Jiang

et al. 2016

IJMS

“…Apparently, activation of TNF α is not influenced by AP‐1 inhibitor, reflecting TNF α production is independent of AP‐1 signaling pathway. However, another study has reported that TNF α expression is downregulated through the negative regulation of AP‐1 activation (Seo et al , ). This contradiction mentioned might result from difference in cell lines used.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Experimental study on 1,25(OH)₂D₃ amelioration of oral lichen planus through regulating NF‐κB signaling pathway

et al. 2017

Oral Diseases

“…Inflammatory responses are usually linked with the immune cells such as mast cells and monocytes which are responsible for altered levels of inflammationassociated enzymes, pro-inflammatory cytokines, and inflammation associated secondary mediators. During the inflammatory responses macrophages secrete de-fense molecules to eliminate immunostimulants and to induce the production of inflammatory mediators such as nitric oxide (NO), prostaglandin E 2 (PGE 2 ), interleukin 1β (IL-1β), IL-6, and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) (Lee et al 2016, Seo et al 2016. NO and PGE 2 molecules are act as key inflammatory mediators, which are biosynthesized by the inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), respectively (Seo et al 2016).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…During the inflammatory responses macrophages secrete de-fense molecules to eliminate immunostimulants and to induce the production of inflammatory mediators such as nitric oxide (NO), prostaglandin E 2 (PGE 2 ), interleukin 1β (IL-1β), IL-6, and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) (Lee et al 2016, Seo et al 2016. NO and PGE 2 molecules are act as key inflammatory mediators, which are biosynthesized by the inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), respectively (Seo et al 2016). It has been reported that, pro-inflammatory cy-specifically in the East-Asian countries like China, Korea, and Japan (Nisizawa 1979, Chengkui et al 1984.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ecklonia cava (Laminariales) and Sargassum horneri (Fucales) synergistically inhibit the lipopolysaccharide-induced inflammation via blocking NF-κB and MAPK pathways

Sanjeewa¹,

Fernando²,

Kim³

et al. 2019

ALGAE

Ecklonia cava (EC) has been widely utilized as an ingredient in commercial products such as functional foods and cosmeceuticals. Recently it has been found that Sargassum horneri (SH) has been invading on Jeju Island coast area by its huge blooming. Moreover, both seaweeds are considering as important ingredients in traditional medicine specifically in East-Asian countries (China, Japan, and Korea). In the present study, we attempted to compare anti-inflammatory properties of 70% ethanolic extracts of EC (ECE), SH (SHE), and their different combinations on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-activated RAW 264.7 cells. Results indicated that 8 : 2 combinations of ECE : SHE significantly inhibited LPS-activated inflammatory responses (cytokines, protein, and gene expression) in RAW 264.7 macrophage cells compared to the respective extracts and other combinations. The synergistic effect of ECE and SHE was found to be prominent than the effects of ECE or SHE alone. These observations provide useful information for the industrial formulation of functional materials (functional foods and cosmeceuticals) using these two particular seaweeds in Jeju Island of South Korea.