6 months of radioxenon detection in western Europe with the SPALAX-New generation system - Part1: Metrological capabilities

Topin, Sylvain; Gross, P.; Achim, Pascal; Generoso, S.; Cagniant, A.; Delaune, O.; Morin, Mireille; Philippe, T.; Fontaine, J.-P.; Moulin, Christophe; Douysset, Guilhem; Petit, G. Le

doi:10.1016/j.jenvrad.2020.106442

Cited by 23 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…The Swedish system [45] uses a 6 h collection period and began operation at IMS station SEX63 in Stockholm, Sweden in the middle of 2021. The French system, [46] uses an 8 h collection time and may replace current systems with a 24 h collection time. The Xenon International system was developed by Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL) and Teledyne Brown Engineering (TBE) [35,47,48].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

In the nuclear explosion monitoring context, what is an anomaly?

Miley,

Eslinger,

Bowyer

et al. 2024

J Radioanal Nucl Chem

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In the early years of nuclear explosion monitoring, experts used downwind detections with meaningful ratios of radioactive species to identify an explosion. Today’s reality is sparse networks of radionuclide monitoring stations looking for weak signals. Analysts need to discriminate between industrial background radioactivity and nuclear explosion signals, even using the detection of one isotope. Aerosol and xenon measurements potentially related to nuclear tests in 2006 and 2013 announced by the Democratic People’s Republic of Korea and from worldwide civilian background radioactivity are considered when defining radionuclide detection anomalies to objectively guide the use of limited analyst resources and reduce the possibility of not detecting nuclear explosions.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

In the nuclear explosion monitoring context, what is an anomaly?

Miley,

Eslinger,

Bowyer

et al. 2024

J Radioanal Nucl Chem

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show abstract

“…However, converting radionuclide activities (Bq) released to the atmosphere into volume activity (Bq m −3 ) measured at a given monitoring station depends on the situations, notably the distance of the emission from the stations, the wind direction and speed as well as the dispersive properties of the atmosphere at the time, in addition to the minimum detectable concentration of the station (e.g., Achim et al, 2020;Topin et al, 2020). This is thus beyond the scope of the present study.…”

Section: A Two Phase Flow Without Phase Changementioning

confidence: 91%

Two-Phase Flow, Heat and Mass Transfer and Tracer Transport to the Atmosphere from Underground Nuclear Cavities Through Fractured Porous Media

Pazdniakou¹,

Mourzenko

Thovert

et al. 2022

Pure Appl. Geophys.

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Underground nuclear explosions generate non-isothermal two-phase flows, heat and mass transfer, and tracer transport through fractured porous media. The governing equations of these coupled phenomena on the Darcy scale are presented and the corresponding numerical code is briefly described. Two configurations are considered. In the first one, the damaged zone generated by the explosion is replaced by equivalent macroscopic boundary conditions at the bottom of the medium.Vapor condensation at distance from this zone plays a crucial role and slows down the tracer transport to the ground surface, while the presence of hot liquid water and of hot rubble particles in it accelerates it. In the second configuration, the damaged zone itself is treated as a porous medium with specific properties and is integrated in the simulation domain. Several regions can be distinguished with different properties, such as the chimney, the cavity, the solidified magma, the fractured porous medium, and the intact porous medium. Phase change, heat transfer and tracer transport can be detailed in these regions and at the boundaries between them. Among the most important conclusions, the role of phase change, of the thermal properties and therefore of the temperature, is pointed out.

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“…The solid lines and the dashed curves represent the fully fractionated (independent yield) and unfractionated ratio correlations, respectively. Black squares are the correlation data of civilian nuclear applications (Topin et al 2020). The dashed green line is established for distinguishing civilian applications from UNEs (Kalinowski et al 2010 where the subscripts c and h represent the cavity and host-rock compartments.…”

Section: Isotopic Ratios and Event Timementioning

confidence: 99%

A Closed-form Solution for Source-term Emission of Xenon Isotopes from Underground Nuclear Explosions

et al. 2021

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Isotopic ratios of radioactive xenons sampled in the subsurface and atmosphere can be used to detect underground nuclear explosions (UNEs) and civilian nuclear reactors. Disparities in the half-lives of the radioactive decay chains are principally responsible for time-dependent concentrations of xenon isotopes. Contrasting timescales, combined with modern detection capabilities, make the xenon isotopic family a desirable surrogate for UNE detection. However, without including the physical details of post-detonation cavity changes that affect radioxenon evolution and subsurface transport, a UNE is treated as an idealized system that is both closed and well mixed for estimating xenon isotopic ratios and their correlations so that the spatially dependent behavior of xenon production, cavity leakage, and transport are overlooked. In this paper, we developed a multi-compartment model with radioactive decay and interactions between compartments. The model does not require the detailed domain geometry and parameterization that is normally needed by high-fidelity computer simulations, but can represent nuclide evolution within a compartment and migration among compartments under certain conditions. The closed-form solution to all nuclides in the series 131–136 is derived using analytical singular-value decomposition. The solution is further used to express xenon ratios as functions of time and compartment position.

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6 months of radioxenon detection in western Europe with the SPALAX-New generation system - Part1: Metrological capabilities

Cited by 23 publications

References 18 publications

In the nuclear explosion monitoring context, what is an anomaly?

In the nuclear explosion monitoring context, what is an anomaly?

Two-Phase Flow, Heat and Mass Transfer and Tracer Transport to the Atmosphere from Underground Nuclear Cavities Through Fractured Porous Media

A Closed-form Solution for Source-term Emission of Xenon Isotopes from Underground Nuclear Explosions

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