“…Herein, the results demonstrated that all sandwiching 6-MP-loaded nanofibrous scaffolds were extensively safe on the normal cells even with using high concentrations of NFs. This result is consistent with those of Kushwaha et al, 2 who successfully loaded 6-MP onto hollow mesoporous silica nanoparticles to increase its release efficiency and reduce cytotoxicity of 6-MP. Figure 12 Cell viability (%) of different nanofibrous scaffolds (8%PCL/4%PMMA/1%6-MP), (4%PCL/4%PMMA/1%6-MP), (2%PCL/4%PMMA/1%6-MP), (4%PMMA/1%6-MP) and 4%PMMA.…”
Section: Resultssupporting
confidence: 92%
“…XRD patterns show drug induced changes in the crystallinity of nanofibers. The X-ray diffraction scan of pure 6-MP showed the fingerprints with sharp observed patterns, 2 indicating its crystalline structure which indicated at 2θ 15.5°, 14.8°, 23.9°, 27.6° and 30°. XRD patterns of PMMA/PCL nanofibers reveal two broad patterns at 2θ 13° and 29° for PMMA and clear intense patterns at 2θ 21.6° and 24° of PCL which indexed to amorphous and orthorhombic crystalline structure, respectively.…”
Section: Resultsmentioning
confidence: 94%
“… 1 The most common treatment modalities of cancer are radiotherapy, chemotherapy and surgery but chemotherapeutic approaches are considered to be the main option for late stage and metastatic cancer treatment. 2 However, the traditional chemotherapeutic approaches are often inadequate due to features such as toxicity to the normal cells, poor drug uptake, difficulty targeting the delivery of drugs to tumor sites, insufficient therapeutic efficiency. Nanotechnology offers the potential to overcome some of these limitations and has been extensively studied in cancer diagnosis and treatment over the years.…”
Background: 6-Mercaptopurine (6-MP) is a potential anti-cancer agent which its therapeutic and limitation applicability due to its high toxicity. Objective: Herein, 6-MP was loaded into tri-layered sandwich nanofibrous scaffold (the top layer composed of poly methyl methacrylate/polycaprolactone (PMMA/PCL), the middle layer was PCL/PMMA/6-MP, and the bottom layer was PCL/PMMA to improve its bioactivity, adjusting the release-sustainability and reduce its toxicity. Methods: Electrospun tri-layered nanofibers composed of PCL/PMMA were utilized as nano-mats for controlling sustained drug release. Four groups of sandwich scaffold configurations were investigated with alteration of (PMMA: PCL) composition.
Results:The sandwich scaffold composed of 2%PCL/4%PMMA/1%6-MP showed the best miscibility, good homogeneity and produced the smoothest nanofibers and low crystallinity. All fabricated 6-MP-loaded-PCL/PMMA scaffolds exhibited antimicrobial properties on the bacterial and fungal organisms, where the cytotoxicity evaluation proved the safety of scaffolds on normal cells, even at high concentration. Scaffolds provided a sustained-drug release profile that was strongly dependent on (PCL: PMMA). As (PCL: PMMA) decreased, the sustained 6-MP release from PCL/PMMA scaffolds increased. Results established that ~18% and 20% of 6-MP were released after 23h from (4%PCL/4%PMMA/1%6-MP) and (2%PCL/4%PMMA/1%6-MP), respectively, where this release was maintained for more than 20 days. The anti-cancer activity of all fabricated scaffolds was also investigated using different cancerous cell lines (e.g., Caco-2, MDA, and HepG-2) results showed that 6-MP-loaded-nanofibrous mats have an anti-cancer effect, with a high selective index for breast cancer. We observed that viability of a cancer cell was dropped to about 10%, using nanofibers containing 2% PCL/4%PMMA/1%6-MP. Conclusion: Overall, the PCL: PMMA ratio and sandwich configuration imparts a tight control on long-term release profile and initial burst of 6-MP for anticancer treatment purposes.
“…Herein, the results demonstrated that all sandwiching 6-MP-loaded nanofibrous scaffolds were extensively safe on the normal cells even with using high concentrations of NFs. This result is consistent with those of Kushwaha et al, 2 who successfully loaded 6-MP onto hollow mesoporous silica nanoparticles to increase its release efficiency and reduce cytotoxicity of 6-MP. Figure 12 Cell viability (%) of different nanofibrous scaffolds (8%PCL/4%PMMA/1%6-MP), (4%PCL/4%PMMA/1%6-MP), (2%PCL/4%PMMA/1%6-MP), (4%PMMA/1%6-MP) and 4%PMMA.…”
Section: Resultssupporting
confidence: 92%
“…XRD patterns show drug induced changes in the crystallinity of nanofibers. The X-ray diffraction scan of pure 6-MP showed the fingerprints with sharp observed patterns, 2 indicating its crystalline structure which indicated at 2θ 15.5°, 14.8°, 23.9°, 27.6° and 30°. XRD patterns of PMMA/PCL nanofibers reveal two broad patterns at 2θ 13° and 29° for PMMA and clear intense patterns at 2θ 21.6° and 24° of PCL which indexed to amorphous and orthorhombic crystalline structure, respectively.…”
Section: Resultsmentioning
confidence: 94%
“… 1 The most common treatment modalities of cancer are radiotherapy, chemotherapy and surgery but chemotherapeutic approaches are considered to be the main option for late stage and metastatic cancer treatment. 2 However, the traditional chemotherapeutic approaches are often inadequate due to features such as toxicity to the normal cells, poor drug uptake, difficulty targeting the delivery of drugs to tumor sites, insufficient therapeutic efficiency. Nanotechnology offers the potential to overcome some of these limitations and has been extensively studied in cancer diagnosis and treatment over the years.…”
Background: 6-Mercaptopurine (6-MP) is a potential anti-cancer agent which its therapeutic and limitation applicability due to its high toxicity. Objective: Herein, 6-MP was loaded into tri-layered sandwich nanofibrous scaffold (the top layer composed of poly methyl methacrylate/polycaprolactone (PMMA/PCL), the middle layer was PCL/PMMA/6-MP, and the bottom layer was PCL/PMMA to improve its bioactivity, adjusting the release-sustainability and reduce its toxicity. Methods: Electrospun tri-layered nanofibers composed of PCL/PMMA were utilized as nano-mats for controlling sustained drug release. Four groups of sandwich scaffold configurations were investigated with alteration of (PMMA: PCL) composition.
Results:The sandwich scaffold composed of 2%PCL/4%PMMA/1%6-MP showed the best miscibility, good homogeneity and produced the smoothest nanofibers and low crystallinity. All fabricated 6-MP-loaded-PCL/PMMA scaffolds exhibited antimicrobial properties on the bacterial and fungal organisms, where the cytotoxicity evaluation proved the safety of scaffolds on normal cells, even at high concentration. Scaffolds provided a sustained-drug release profile that was strongly dependent on (PCL: PMMA). As (PCL: PMMA) decreased, the sustained 6-MP release from PCL/PMMA scaffolds increased. Results established that ~18% and 20% of 6-MP were released after 23h from (4%PCL/4%PMMA/1%6-MP) and (2%PCL/4%PMMA/1%6-MP), respectively, where this release was maintained for more than 20 days. The anti-cancer activity of all fabricated scaffolds was also investigated using different cancerous cell lines (e.g., Caco-2, MDA, and HepG-2) results showed that 6-MP-loaded-nanofibrous mats have an anti-cancer effect, with a high selective index for breast cancer. We observed that viability of a cancer cell was dropped to about 10%, using nanofibers containing 2% PCL/4%PMMA/1%6-MP. Conclusion: Overall, the PCL: PMMA ratio and sandwich configuration imparts a tight control on long-term release profile and initial burst of 6-MP for anticancer treatment purposes.
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