6 Fibroblast Growth Factor Signaling Regulates Growth and Morphogenesis at Multiple Steps during Brain Development

The Endogenous Regenerative Capacity of the Damaged Newborn Brain: Boosting Neurogenesis with Mesenchymal Stem Cell Treatment

“…105 Another protein that appears to play a role in neurogenic processes after HI is the fibroblast growth factor receptor 1 (Fgfr1), which promotes progenitor proliferation 106 and neuronal fate commitment in proliferating cells. 107,108 A recent study showed that ablation of the Fgfr1 gene from GFAP-expressing cells in mice leads to attenuated cell proliferation in the SVZ and decreased cortical pyramidal neuron production after HI. 109 Interestingly, Fgfr1 knockout does not increase apoptosis when compared with wild-type hypoxic mice, suggesting that Fgfr1 may be involved in mediating neurogenesis rather than neuroprotection after hypoxic injury.…”

Canonical Transient Receptor Potential 1 Plays a Role in Basic Fibroblast Growth Factor (bFGF)/FGF Receptor-1-Induced Ca2+ Entry and Embryonic Rat Neural Stem Cell Proliferation

“…However, the present data do not establish whether TRPC1 mediates store-operated or non-store-operated Ca 2ϩ entry in response to bFGF/FGFR-1 signaling in NSC progeny. Besides a contribution attributable to Ca 2ϩ release from the intracellular stores, other pathways are activated by bFGF/FGFR1 signaling (for review, see Vaccarino et al, 1999b;Cross and Claesson-Welsh, 2001). For example, stimulation of phospholipase C ␥ leads to the generation of DAG together with IP 3 .…”

Embryonic cerebrospinal fluid regulates neuroepithelial survival, proliferation, and neurogenesis in chick embryos

“…These secreted molecules are involved in the establishment of positional identities and in the patterning of structures during CNS growth and development. Many of the molecules that exert their actions from these organizing centers have been identified, and they include several members of the fgf family and shh, among others (Bueno et al, 1996;Shamim et al, 1999;Vaccarino et al, 1999aVaccarino et al, , 1999bToresson et al, 2000;Garda et al, 2001;Panchision and McKay, 2002).…”

“…Except for the known effect of the notochord on the floor plate of the neural tube through the secretion of shh (Echelard et al, 1993;Martí et al, 1995), several reports indicate that the neuroepithelium shows autonomous behavior, which is exerted by the autocrine and/or paracrine secretion of diffusible molecules (Vaccarino et al, 1999b). Certain growth factors have been implicated in the control of neuroepithelial stem cell proliferation, neurogenesis, and gliogenesis, e.g., FGF2 and EGF, which may be involved in the control of replication and neurogenesis at early developmental stages (Gensburger et al, 1987;Murphy et al, 1990;Kilpatrick and Bartlet, 1993;Tropepe et al, 1999;Vaccarino et al, 1999aVaccarino et al, , 1999bPanchision and McKay, 2002;Rajan et al, 2003).…”

“…Certain growth factors have been implicated in the control of neuroepithelial stem cell proliferation, neurogenesis, and gliogenesis, e.g., FGF2 and EGF, which may be involved in the control of replication and neurogenesis at early developmental stages (Gensburger et al, 1987;Murphy et al, 1990;Kilpatrick and Bartlet, 1993;Tropepe et al, 1999;Vaccarino et al, 1999aVaccarino et al, , 1999bPanchision and McKay, 2002;Rajan et al, 2003).…”