“…With regards to teaching techniques more specifically, research suggests that feedback should be mainly implicit, allowing seniors to benefit from naturalistic, targeted input ( Lenet et al, 2011). Additionally, the use of formal assessment (e.g., graded assignments and tests) is discouraged in the late-life language classroom (Grotek & Ślęzak-Świat, 2017;Klimczak-Pawlak & Kossakowska-Pisarek, 2018).…”