6. African swine fever vaccines

Netherton, Christopher L.

doi:10.3920/978-90-8686-910-7_6

Cited by 7 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 68 publications

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“…Moreover, ASFV is able to avoid the host’s immune response, negatively affecting its immune system and leading to effective virus replication in various ways (reviewed in [ 46 ]). The virus is simultaneously capable of establishing complex immune regulation and effective immune system evasion, so ASFV carries a variety of factors that affect the host’s immune system and allow it to establish efficient replication [ 46 , 54 ]. The latest approaches to the ASFV vaccine’s design are focused on the development of modified live vaccines by targeted gene deletion from different isolates or subunit vaccines, with varying results [ 55 ].…”

Section: Vaccines Against Asf—a Short Review and The Latest Achievementsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Vaccines intended for wild boars should be tested strictly on this species, and it is also desirable to administer them in the form of bites available to boars in the natural environment. Since vaccination of wild boars by injection is not a viable option, an oral vaccine would be recommended due to its proven efficacy in the past in eradicating classical swine fever in wild boars [ 54 ]. Unfortunately, most of the studies published so far utilized injected vaccines.…”

Section: Concerns About Vaccinesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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African Swine Fever Virus as a Difficult Opponent in the Fight for a Vaccine—Current Data

Turlewicz‐Podbielska

Kuriga

Niemyjski³

et al. 2021

Viruses

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Prevention and control of African swine fever virus (ASFV) in Europe, Asia, and Africa seem to be extremely difficult in view of the ease with which it spreads, its high resistance to environmental conditions, and the many obstacles related to the introduction of effective specific immunoprophylaxis. Biological properties of ASFV indicate that the African swine fever (ASF) pandemic will continue to develop and that only the implementation of an effective and safe vaccine will ensure a reduction in the spread of ASFV. At present, vaccines against ASF are not available. The latest approaches to the ASFV vaccine’s design concentrate on the development of either modified live vaccines by targeted gene deletion from different isolates or subunit vaccines. The construction of an effective vaccine is hindered by the complex structure of the virus, the lack of an effective continuous cell line for the isolation and propagation of ASFV, unpredictable and stain-specific phenotypes after the genetic modification of ASFV, a risk of reversion to virulence, and our current inability to differentiate infected animals from vaccinated ones. Moreover, the design of vaccines intended for wild boars and oral administration is desirable. Despite several obstacles, the design of a safe and effective vaccine against ASFV seems to be achievable.

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Section: Vaccines Against Asf—a Short Review and The Latest Achievementsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Concerns About Vaccinesmentioning

confidence: 99%

African Swine Fever Virus as a Difficult Opponent in the Fight for a Vaccine—Current Data

Turlewicz‐Podbielska

Kuriga

Niemyjski³

et al. 2021

Viruses

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“…It is a contagious and lethal hemorrhagic disease that is of international concern. Due to the absence of approved and effective vaccines or treatments, main control measures involve slaughter and movement control of swine [3], resulting in high economic losses and impact on global food security. ASFV is a large double stranded virus that has a 170 to 193kb genome encoding over 150 genes [4,5], many of which are uncharacterized [1,5].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Vaccine development efforts are mostly focused on the development of live attenuated viruses (LAV) [6][7][8][9][10]. Although these afford good protection, they are not DIVA (differentiating infected from vaccinated animals) compliant and there are potential safety concerns [9,11]. Unlike LAVs, subunit vaccines only encode for selected viral antigens and have an inherently safe design that is DIVA compliant.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Capsid Specific Antibody Responses of Domestic Pigs Immunized with Low Virulent African Swine Fever Virus

Tng¹,

Al-Adwani²,

Pauletto³

et al. 2023

Preprint

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African swine fever (ASF) is a lethal disease in pigs that has grave socio-economic implications worldwide. For the development of vaccines against African swine fever virus (ASFV), immunogenic antigens that generate protective immune responses need to be identified. There are over 150 viral proteins - many of which are uncharacterized – and humoral immunity to ASFV has not been closely examined. To profile antigen specific antibody responses, we developed luciferase-linked antibody capture assays (LACAs) for a panel of ASFV capsid proteins and screened sera from inbred and outbred animals that were previously immunized with low virulent ASFV before challenge with virulent ASFV. Antibodies to B646L/p72, D117L/p17, M1249L and E120R/p14.5 were detected in this study; however, we were unable to detect B438L specific antibodies. Although OURT88/1 induced viremia was observed in the presence of anti-B646L/p72 antibodies as well as B602L antibodies they were associated with recovery from lethal disease in inbred and outbred animals. However, these antibodies did not correlate with protection against Georgia 2007/1 infection. Antibody responses against M1249L and E120R/p14.5 were observed in animals with reduced clinical signs and viremia. Here we present LACAs as a tool for targeted profiling of antigen specific antibody responses to inform vaccine development.

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“…ASFV gene functions have been elucidated via gene deletion or modification of the ASFV genome, using homologous recombination techniques that have been refined recently using CRISPR/Cas9 and single sorting methods [ 7 , 8 , 9 , 10 , 11 , 12 ]. Gene deletions from the virus genome can identify genes that are not essential for virus replication and help define the protein functions in cell cultures, and in vivo, in infected pigs [ 13 , 14 , 15 ]. The non-essential genes identified include many encoding proteins that inhibit host defense pathways, including type I interferon response, host antiviral pathways, apoptosis pathways and stress-induced responses [ 16 , 17 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Deletion of the K145R and DP148R Genes from the Virulent ASFV Georgia 2007/1 Isolate Delays the Onset, but Does Not Reduce Severity, of Clinical Signs in Infected Pigs

Rathakrishnan

Reis

Goatley

et al. 2021

Viruses

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African swine fever virus causes a frequently fatal disease of domestic pigs and wild boar that has a high economic impact across 3 continents. The large double-stranded DNA genome codes for approximately 160 proteins. Many of these have unknown functions and this hinders our understanding of the virus and host interactions. The purpose of the study was to evaluate the role of two virus proteins, K145R and DP148R, in virus replication in macrophages and virulence in pigs. To do this, the DP148R gene, alone or in combination with the K145R gene, was deleted from the virulent genotype II Georgia 2007/1 isolate. Neither of these deletions reduced the ability of the viruses to replicate in porcine macrophages compared to the parental wild-type virus. Pigs infected with GeorgiaΔDP148R developed clinical and post-mortem signs and high viremia, typical of acute African swine fever, and were culled on day 6 post-infection. The additional deletion of the K145R gene delayed the onset of clinical signs and viremia in pigs by 3 days, but pigs showed signs of acute African swine fever and were culled on days 10 or 13 post-infection. The results show that the deletion of DP148R did not attenuate the genotype II Georgia 2007/1 isolate, contrary to the results obtained with the genotype I Benin97/1 isolate. Additional deletion of the K145R gene delayed clinical signs, but infected pigs reached the humane endpoint. The deletion of additional genes would be required to attenuate the virus.

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6. African swine fever vaccines

Cited by 7 publications

References 68 publications

African Swine Fever Virus as a Difficult Opponent in the Fight for a Vaccine—Current Data

African Swine Fever Virus as a Difficult Opponent in the Fight for a Vaccine—Current Data

Capsid Specific Antibody Responses of Domestic Pigs Immunized with Low Virulent African Swine Fever Virus

Deletion of the K145R and DP148R Genes from the Virulent ASFV Georgia 2007/1 Isolate Delays the Onset, but Does Not Reduce Severity, of Clinical Signs in Infected Pigs

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