5G Terrestrial Networks: Mobility and Coverage—Solution in Three Dimensions

Lawrence, Nicholas P.; Ng, Brian W.-H.; Hansen, Hedley J.; Abbott, Derek

doi:10.1109/access.2017.2693375

Cited by 17 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 98 publications

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“…The classic solution in the microwave bands relies on circular polarization [144], which rotates the signal by simultaneously exciting a pair of orthogonal electric field vectors of equal amplitude, so that a signal component is always received. However, as the power is split between the pair, the employment of circular polarization requires an increased transmit power, which becomes a challengue to deliver in the mmWave band owing to the fact that the PA's dynamic range generally reduces upon increasing the frequency [58], [145]- [147]. Against this background, the state-of-the-art tri-orthogonal polarization technique that was originally proposed for achieving a diversity gain in rich-scattering microwave channels [148], [149] may be harnessed for the three-dimensional beamforming in the LoS-dominant mmWave channels [147], [150], [151].…”

Section: What Has Been Achieved In 5g?mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, as the power is split between the pair, the employment of circular polarization requires an increased transmit power, which becomes a challengue to deliver in the mmWave band owing to the fact that the PA's dynamic range generally reduces upon increasing the frequency [58], [145]- [147]. Against this background, the state-of-the-art tri-orthogonal polarization technique that was originally proposed for achieving a diversity gain in rich-scattering microwave channels [148], [149] may be harnessed for the three-dimensional beamforming in the LoS-dominant mmWave channels [147], [150], [151]. More explicitly, it was demonstrated in [147], [151] that by using three polarized ports, at least two polarizations are always adequately aligned in any link direction.…”

Section: What Has Been Achieved In 5g?mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Against this background, the state-of-the-art tri-orthogonal polarization technique that was originally proposed for achieving a diversity gain in rich-scattering microwave channels [148], [149] may be harnessed for the three-dimensional beamforming in the LoS-dominant mmWave channels [147], [150], [151]. More explicitly, it was demonstrated in [147], [151] that by using three polarized ports, at least two polarizations are always adequately aligned in any link direction. Nonetheless, the polarization diversity techniques suffer from the cross-polarization discrimination, which refers to the mean signal difference between co-polarized and cross-polarized branches [152].…”

Section: What Has Been Achieved In 5g?mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Moreover, due to the insufficient isolation, the deleterious coupling of energy between polarized ports also leads to substantial capacity loss [149], [153]. For further discussions on these issues, interested readers might like to refer to [147], [151] for more details in this area.…”

Section: What Has Been Achieved In 5g?mentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

Sixty Years of Coherent Versus Non-Coherent Tradeoffs and the Road From 5G to Wireless Futures

Ishikawa

Maunder

et al. 2019

IEEE Access

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Sixty years of coherent versus non-coherent tradeoff as well as the twenty years of coherent versus non-coherent tradeoff in Multiple-Input Multiple-Output (MIMO) systems are surveyed. Furthermore, the advantages of adaptivity are discussed. More explicitly, in order to support the diverse communication requirements of different applications in a unified platform, the 5G New Radio (NR) offers unprecendented adaptivity, abeit at the cost of a substantial amount of signalling overhead that consumes both power and the valuable spectral resources. Striking a beneficial coherent versus non-coherent tradeoff is capable of reducing the pilot overheads of channel estimation, whilst relying on low-complexity detectors, especially in high-mobility scenarios. Furthermore, since energy-efficiency is of salient importance both in the operational and future networks, following the powerful Index Modulation (IM) pholosophy, we conceive a holistic adaptive pholosophy striking the most appropriate coherent/non-coherent, single-/multiple-antenna and diversity/multiplexing tradeoffs, where the number of RF chains, the Peak-to-Average Power Ratio (PAPR) of signal transmission and the maximum amount of interference tolerated by signal detection are all taken into account. We demonstrate that this intelligent tripple-fold adaptivity offers significant benefits in next-generation applications of mmWave and Terahertz solutions, in space-air-ground integrated networks, in full-duplex techniques and in other sophisticated channel coding assisted system designs, where powerful machine learning algorithms are expected to make autonomous decisions concerning the best mode of operation with minimal human intervention.

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Section: What Has Been Achieved In 5g?mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: What Has Been Achieved In 5g?mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: What Has Been Achieved In 5g?mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: What Has Been Achieved In 5g?mentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Sixty Years of Coherent Versus Non-Coherent Tradeoffs and the Road From 5G to Wireless Futures

Ishikawa

Maunder

et al. 2019

IEEE Access

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“…In recent studies, circular polarization reconfigurable antennas have attracted more attention for their inherent characteristics such as multipath fading mitigation, phase fluctuation due to weather, and superior mobility [8][9][10][11]. Furthermore, these antennas have diverse polarization and can switch to right/left hand circular polarization (RHCP and LHCP), two horizontal and vertical linear polarizations, and elliptical polarizations [11][12][13]. Several circularly polarized antennas have been recommended for operation in 5G mobile systems [14][15][16][17].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Dual Circularly Reconfigurable Polarization Patch Antenna for Fifth Generation Mobile Communication Systems

Mallat¹,

Nouri²,

Aghdam³

et al. 2020

PIER C

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In this paper, a reconfigurable patch antenna with Circular Polarization (CP) diversity with theoretical discussion and verification is proposed for fifth generation (5G) of mobile communication systems. The proposed antenna contains two PIN diodes, which are correctly placed on the ground plane to obtain polarization diversity. By switching between two ON/OFF modes in the PIN diodes, the proposed antenna can support either the RHCP mode or the LHCP mode. An antenna with the wellmatched impedance bandwidths (S 11 ≤ −10 dB) of 2.5 GHz (27 ∼ 29.5 GHz) and 3 GHz (36 ∼ 39 GHz) and the dual-band 3-dB axial ratios of 6% (27.3-29 GHz) and 8.4% (35-38.2 GHz) operates in both the RHCP and LHCP modes. The experimental result shows that the proposed antenna has a circular polarization bandwidth at the central frequencies of 28 and 38 GHz for both the RHCP and LHCP.

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Infrared‐Transparent Semiconductor Membranes for Electromagnetic Interference Shielding of Millimeter Waves

Renteria,

Heileman,

Neely

et al. 2024

Adv Materials Technologies

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It is demonstrated that single‐crystalline and highly doped GaAs membranes are excellent candidates for realizing infrared‐transparent shields of electromagnetic interference at millimeter frequencies. Measured optical transmittance spectra for the semiconductor membranes show resonant features between 750 and 2500 nm, with a 100% maximum transmittance. The shielding effectiveness of the membranes is extracted from measured scattering parameters between 65 and 85 GHz. Selected GaAs membranes and membranes/polyamide films exhibit shielding effectiveness ranging from 22 to 40 dB, which are suitable values to ensure the safe operation of infrared devices for commercial applications. Theoretical calculations based on a plane wave model show that the interplay of primary reflection and multiple internal reflections of the radio‐frequency waves results in broadband shielding capabilities of the membrane between 10 and 300 GHz.

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5G Terrestrial Networks: Mobility and Coverage—Solution in Three Dimensions

Cited by 17 publications

References 98 publications

Sixty Years of Coherent Versus Non-Coherent Tradeoffs and the Road From 5G to Wireless Futures

Sixty Years of Coherent Versus Non-Coherent Tradeoffs and the Road From 5G to Wireless Futures

A Dual Circularly Reconfigurable Polarization Patch Antenna for Fifth Generation Mobile Communication Systems

Infrared‐Transparent Semiconductor Membranes for Electromagnetic Interference Shielding of Millimeter Waves

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