5G QoS: Impact of Security Functions on Latency

Gallenmüller, Sebastian; Naab, Johannes; Adam, Iris; Carle, Georg

doi:10.1109/noms47738.2020.9110422

Cited by 11 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…Our testbed offers researchers a high degree of freedom to design and execute experiments, with user-controlled scripts and root access on the experiment nodes. We used pos in the past for entirely different experiments: distributed network experiments involving 15 nodes [34], low-latency analysis of single network nodes [18], and as a mere development environment for packet processing software [16]. As a testbed, the capabilities of pos neither stand out nor back compared with its main competitors [9,20,28].…”

Section: Testbed Vs Methodologymentioning

confidence: 99%

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The pos framework

Gallenmüller

Scholz

Stubbe

et al. 2021

Proceedings of the 17th International Conference on Emerging Networking EXperiments and Technologies

Self Cite

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In scientific research, the independent reproduction of experimental results is the source of trust. The release of experimental artifacts enables the reproduction of results; however, additional efforts of researchers are required to prepare and document their experiments accordingly. To honor this increased effort, multiple initiatives were implemented to incentivize the creation and release of experimental artifacts, e.g., awards for papers that provide experimental artifacts.In this work, we want to propose a novel approach toward a reproducible research-a structured experimental workflow that allows the creation of reproducible experiments without requiring additional efforts of the researcher. Moreover, we present our own testbed and toolchain, namely, plain orchestrating service (pos), which enables the creation of such experimental workflows. The experiment is documented by our proposed, fully scripted experiment structure. Further, we consider the entire experimental workflow from experiment orchestration, to data measurement, to result evaluation. In addition, pos provides scripts that enable the automation of the bundling and release of all the created experimental artifacts. In this case study, we release one of our own experiments together with the necessary tools so that others can reproduce our experiment. Additionally, we provide an interactive environment where pos experiments can be executed and reproduced, which is available at https://gallenmu.github.io/pos-artifacts. CCS CONCEPTS• Networks → Network experimentation; • General and reference → Experimentation.

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Section: Testbed Vs Methodologymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…One of the essential elements of a network experiment is the used traffic source. Typical experiments in our testbed use synthetic traffic created at runtime by a packet generator [17,18,30]. However, other experiments use pcaps of recorded traffic.…”

Section: Loadgen Dut Controllermentioning

confidence: 99%

The pos framework

Gallenmüller

Scholz

Stubbe

et al. 2021

Proceedings of the 17th International Conference on Emerging Networking EXperiments and Technologies

Self Cite

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“…They propose a synchronized programming model to simplify application development for low-latency applications. In previous work [2,3], we demonstrated that high reliability and low latency could be achieved on off-the-shelf hardware and virtualized systems, using a DPDK-accelerated Snort. However, the latency was still subject to interrupts causing latency spikes in the s-range.…”

Section: Background and Related Workmentioning

confidence: 96%

How Low Can You Go? A Limbo Dance for Low-Latency Network Functions

et al. 2022

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Throughput is a commonly used performance indicator for networks. However, throughput may be considered insignificant if data is outdated or networks become unpredictable or unreliable. Critical services may even prioritize latency, predictability, and reliability at the expense of throughput to avoid detrimental effects on service operation. Latency, predictability, and reliability are distinct qualities realized in real-time systems. Real-time systems often require additional effort using non-standard interfaces, requiring customized software, or providing low throughput figures. This work picks up the challenge and investigates a single-server network function—a building block for end-to-end low-latency network applications. Assessing reliability and quantifying low latency is equally challenging, as sub-microsecond latency and $$1/10^{5}$$ 1 / 10 5 loss probability leave little room for error. Both, our measurement and the investigated platforms, rely on Linux running on off-the-shelf components. Our paper provides a comprehensive study on the impact of various components on latency and reliability, such as the central processing unit (CPU), the Linux Kernel, the network card, virtualization features, and the networking application itself. We chose Suricata, an intrusion prevention system (IPS), representing a widely deployed, typical network application as our primary subject of investigation.

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“…Despite these previous works, only few studies analyze from a quantitative and scientific point of view the impact of security mechanisms on URLLC. However, their general conclusion is that virtualization-based networks cannot easily support URLLC, and bare metal schemes must be preferred [19]. This approach, nevertheless, evolves contrary to market tendencies (more focused on software-defined networks).…”

Section: G Security Solutions and Analysis Frameworkmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…If these errors go above a certain limit b CRC (associated to the maximum number of errors that may be corrected through Cyclic Redundancy Codes), they force the packet to be discarded. Furthermore, in all modern communication systems, encoded and modulated signals are polar non return to zero (polar NRZ) sources, so the Bit Error Rate (BER) caused by physical noise may be calculated using the complimentary error function erfc (•) (19). Then, the probability of a packets to be discarded in a link P P because of physical noise can be deducted (20).…”

Section: G Core and Ran Implementations: Analytical Modelsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Towards Fully Secure 5G Ultra-Low Latency Communications: A燙ost-Security Functions Analysis

Bordel¹,

Alcarria²,

Chung³

et al. 2023

Computers, Materials &Amp; Continua

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Future components to enhance the basic, native security of 5G networks are either complex mechanisms whose impact in the requiring 5G communications are not considered, or lightweight solutions adapted to ultrareliable low-latency communications (URLLC) but whose security properties remain under discussion. Although different 5G network slices may have different requirements, in general, both visions seem to fall short at provisioning secure URLLC in the future. In this work we address this challenge, by introducing cost-security functions as a method to evaluate the performance and adequacy of most developed and employed non-native enhanced security mechanisms in 5G networks. We categorize those new security components into different groups according to their purpose and deployment scope. We propose to analyze them in the context of existing 5G architectures using two different approaches. First, using model checking techniques, we will evaluate the probability of an attacker to be successful against each security solution. Second, using analytical models, we will analyze the impact of these security mechanisms in terms of delay, throughput consumption, and reliability. Finally, we will combine both approaches using stochastic cost-security functions and the PRISM model checker to create a global picture. Our results are first evidence of how a 5G network that covers and strengthened all security areas through enhanced, dedicated non-native mechanisms could only guarantee secure URLLC with a probability of ∼55%.

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5G QoS: Impact of Security Functions on Latency

Cited by 11 publications

References 15 publications

The pos framework

The pos framework

How Low Can You Go? A Limbo Dance for Low-Latency Network Functions

Towards Fully Secure 5G Ultra-Low Latency Communications: A燙ost-Security Functions Analysis

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