5G NB-IoT: Design, Considerations, Solutions and Challenges

Muteba, K.F.; Djouani, Karim; Olwal, Thomas O.

doi:10.1016/j.procs.2021.12.214

Cited by 19 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…Research of the NB-IoT in healthcare shows that it suffers from drawbacks, as it has high latency which makes it not suitable for real-time applications [4,20]. It is also affected by the large number of terminals sending much data, which causes congestion and high delay [44]. The NB-IoT depends on contention-based random access, which usually takes eight seconds, causing larger delay [22,45].…”

Section: The Nb-iot In Healthcarementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Additionally, the NB-IoT suffers from security problems, and the encryption mechanisms of terminal devices need to be improved [4]. The authentication mechanism needs to be strengthened to ensure that legal nodes can only send and receive messages [44]. Further, a backup mechanism is needed to restore data when faults occur [2,4].…”

Section: The Nb-iot In Healthcarementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Further, a backup mechanism is needed to restore data when faults occur [2,4]. Despite these problems, the NB-IoT will continue to serve several applications under 5G communication [44,46].…”

Section: The Nb-iot In Healthcarementioning

confidence: 99%

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Edge–Fog–Cloud Computing Hierarchy for Improving Performance and Security of NB-IoT-Based Health Monitoring Systems

Daraghmi

Daraghma

et al. 2022

Sensors

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This paper proposes a three-computing-layer architecture consisting of Edge, Fog, and Cloud for remote health vital signs monitoring. The novelty of this architecture is in using the Narrow-Band IoT (NB-IoT) for communicating with a large number of devices and covering large areas with minimum power consumption. Additionally, the architecture reduces the communication delay as the edge layer serves the health terminal devices with initial decisions and prioritizes data transmission for minimizing congestion on base stations. The paper also investigates different authentication protocols for improving security while maintaining low computation and transmission time. For data analysis, different machine learning algorithms, such as decision tree, support vector machines, and logistic regression, are used on the three layers. The proposed architecture is evaluated using CloudSim, iFogSim, and ns3-NB-IoT on real data consisting of medical vital signs. The results show that the proposed architecture reduces the NB-IoT delay by 59.9%, the execution time by an average of 38.5%, and authentication time by 35.1% for a large number of devices. This paper concludes that the NB-IoT combined with edge, fog, and cloud computing can support efficient remote health monitoring for large devices and large areas.

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Section: The Nb-iot In Healthcarementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: The Nb-iot In Healthcarementioning

confidence: 99%

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Edge–Fog–Cloud Computing Hierarchy for Improving Performance and Security of NB-IoT-Based Health Monitoring Systems

Daraghmi

Daraghma

et al. 2022

Sensors

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“…Additionally, endpoints such as Bluetooth, Zigbee, RFID, or Wi-Fi can be significantly more cost effective in scenarios where 5G may be available but has not yet reached a significant market scale to do competitive endpoints or network services [6]. Technical studies [7] show that 5G and other services can coexist in specific frequency bands. The technical conditions must be adequately adapted and not excessively restrictive; otherwise, there is a risk of affecting the costs, coverage, and quality of operation of 5G services.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Utilization of 5G Technologies in IoT Applications: Current Limitations by Interference and Network Optimization Difficulties—A Review

Pons

Valenzuela

Rodríguez

et al. 2023

Sensors

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5G (fifth-generation technology) technologies are becoming more mainstream thanks to great efforts from telecommunication companies, research facilities, and governments. This technology is often associated with the Internet of Things to improve the quality of life for citizens by automating and gathering data recollection processes. This paper presents the 5G and IoT technologies, explaining common architectures, typical IoT implementations, and recurring problems. This work also presents a detailed and explained overview of interference in general wireless applications, interference unique to 5G and IoT, and possible optimization techniques to overcome these challenges. This manuscript highlights the importance of addressing interference and optimizing network performance in 5G networks to ensure reliable and efficient connectivity for IoT devices, which is essential for adequately functioning business processes. This insight can be helpful for businesses that rely on these technologies to improve their productivity, reduce downtime, and enhance customer satisfaction. We also highlight the potential of the convergence of networks and services in increasing the availability and speed of access to the internet, enabling a range of new and innovative applications and services.

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“…As a starting point: it is expected to be $ 31 billion this year. According to analysts, the introduction of 5G and LPWA technologies will be a prerequisite for the actual doubling of the IoT market over the next four years 5 – 9 . It is believed that the most significant influence will be provided by eMBB (enhanced Mobile BroadBand) and mMTC (massive Machine-Type Communication) services 10 – 14 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Investigation of the competitive nature of eMBB and mMTC 5G services in conditions of limited communication resource

Kovtun

Grochla

2022

Sci Rep

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The main contribution of the investigation is the Markov model of the process of resource allocation management between subscribers of eMBB and mMTC services within the 5G cluster. The proposed model, considers the organization of the channel resource in the format of resource blocks. The presented model allows to estimate the average duration of IoT sessions, the average number of active multimedia/IoT sessions, the average number of channel resource units occupied by multimedia/IoT traffic, the average number of resource blocks occupied by multimedia/IoT traffic. The metrics are generalized by three management schemes of the investigated process: balanced, competitive and perspective. The first and third schemes enable static/dynamic distribution of channel resources into reserved and common segments for subscribers of eMBB and mMTC services. The proposed model is illustrated with an example showing how to assess the availability and efficiency of channel resource use of the 5G cluster of the cyber-physical system of the Situation Center of the Department of Information Technology of Vinnytsia City Council (Vinnytsia, Ukraine). The article also shows how to use the proposed model to select the 5G network parameters to keep the probabilities of rejection of multimedia and IoT requests below a set threshold.

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5G NB-IoT: Design, Considerations, Solutions and Challenges

Cited by 19 publications

References 10 publications

Edge–Fog–Cloud Computing Hierarchy for Improving Performance and Security of NB-IoT-Based Health Monitoring Systems

Edge–Fog–Cloud Computing Hierarchy for Improving Performance and Security of NB-IoT-Based Health Monitoring Systems

Utilization of 5G Technologies in IoT Applications: Current Limitations by Interference and Network Optimization Difficulties—A Review

Investigation of the competitive nature of eMBB and mMTC 5G services in conditions of limited communication resource

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