5G Millimeter-Wave Phased-Array Transceiver: System Considerations and Circuit Implementations

Zhao, Dixian; Zhang, Jiajun; Yi, Yongran; Gu, Peng; Jiang, Ning‐Jun

doi:10.1109/iscas.2019.8702530

Cited by 14 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…Neural Network-Based Model Waveform Processing at Transmission and Observation Path [67], [81], [89]- [103] [110]- [120], [122], [123] [67], [75], [82]- [88] DAC and ADC nonidealities [29], [130], [133]- [141] RF Sub-Components Effects [130]- [132], [142], [145] [130], [131] Amplitude-Compensated Phase Shifter [78], [79], [148]- [155], [157], [158] Phase-Compensated and Low-Noise Variable Gain Amplifier [44], [149], [159]- [169] SVM-Based Model better output performance. Since the invention of wireless communication, the linearity of transmitting signals hold paramount importance [73], [74].…”

Section: Baseband Waveform Processing Volterra Series-based Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The PS in TRX systems can be calibrated at different stages, including the digital baseband stage, LO stage, or RF stage. Meanwhile, the readers are encouraged to go through [148], [149] to overview the PS classifications. In the case of active (digital) PS, they require auxiliary data converters to minute gain, and phase errors, where high bits/speed converter can provide high accuracy (i.e., near 360 • isotropic beam-resolution) [150]- [152].…”

Section: • Critical Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Thus to give sufficient amplitude weights for the main beam and high beam-tapering for interfering SLs. These signals improve the sensitivity and DR for the receiver VGA integrated with a low noise amplifier (LNA) known as low-noise VGA [149]. Apart from identical performance criteria, their operating behavior differs in terms of bias voltages as optimum biasing is needed in sufficient amplitude weighting for low SLL [162].…”

Section: • Critical Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

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Predistortion-Based Linearization for 5G and Beyond Millimeter-Wave Transceiver Systems: A Comprehensive Survey

Haider

You

et al. 2022

IEEE Commun. Surv. Tutorials

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The next-generation (5G/6G) wireless communication aims to leapfrog the currently occupied sub-6 GHz spectrum to the wideband millimeter-wave (MMW) spectrum. However, MMW spectrums with high-order modulation schemes drive the power amplifier (PA) at significant back-off, causing severe nonlinear distortions, thus deteriorating the transceiver's (TRXs) modulation process. Typically, the TRX efficacy is quantified with standardized linearization matrices, which take advantage of different predistortion (PD) schemes to handle deep compression of the PA. In this regard, TRX baseband signals are mostly linearized in the digital domain, where digitally controlled linearization needs higher sampling rates due to increasing MMW bandwidths to compensate for intermodulation (IMD) products, resulting in increased system cost and power consumption. Alternately, the digitally controlled analog-based linearization, i.e., the hybridization of digital predistortion (DPD) and analog predistortion (APD), is highly productive and cost-effective for fulfilling the linearized energy-efficient design vision of MMW networks. Therefore, this paper puts an extensive spotlight on the progress in PD-based linearization for 5G and beyond communications. It first provides background information on the advancements of PD schemes through recent surveys, then classifies the general roadmap of PD waveform processing across the TRX system models as preliminary. After this, we present three prominent PD architectures and their design approaches with intrinsic performance metrics. Finally, we explore four case studies encompassing PD operation under certain nonlinear constraints of different communication schemes. We examine the suitability of PD-based linearization solutions, both existing and proposed till the first quarter of 2022, and identify the potential prospects in this domain.

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Section: Baseband Waveform Processing Volterra Series-based Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: • Critical Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: • Critical Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

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Predistortion-Based Linearization for 5G and Beyond Millimeter-Wave Transceiver Systems: A Comprehensive Survey

Haider

You

et al. 2022

IEEE Commun. Surv. Tutorials

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“…Therefore, it has become the focus of research in military electronic countermeasures, phased array radar, satellite communication, and other applications. 1 Power amplifier (PA) has a significant impact on the wireless transmission system, so high efficiency, linearity, power output, and wide-band characteristics should be taken into account during the design procedure. And comparatively speaking, GaAs pseudomorphic high-electron-mobility transistor (pHEMT) has a mature process, accurate model, and affordable price.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A millimeter‐wave broadband power amplifier with a tree‐like transistor structure using 0.15‐μm GaAs technology

Guo

Huang

Wang

et al. 2023

Micro & Optical Tech Letters

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In this paper, a millimeter‐wave broadband high‐efficiency power amplifier (PA) for Ka‐band (26–32 GHz) using 0.15‐μm GaAs pseudomorphic high‐electron‐mobility transistor process is proposed. The PA utilizes a three‐stage cascade structure and adopts an RC series feedback network, which expands the bandwidth and ensures the circuit stability. To improve the output power and efficiency of the circuit, a tree‐like transistor structure is proposed. The power amplifier, it can provide 23.6 dBm output P1dB with 33.1% power‐added efficiency at 28 GHz with high linearity. The maximum small signal gain can reach 27 dB with 3‐dB bandwidth from 24 to 33 GHz for the measured results.

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“…There have been reported on variable gain amplifier (VGA)s intended for phased-array transceiver application based on CMOS process 1,2 since CMOS process could enable the compact integration level of radio frequency circuits with digital baseband circuitry of phased arrays at a much lower cost. As a key element in the front-end integrated circuit, VGAs in each transmitter/receiver channel of the phased-array system compensates and calibrates for the amplitude variation/error of the component between the array elements, such as the phase shifter, as shown in Figure 1.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A miniaturized 35 GHz 65‐nm CMOS digital‐controlled differential variable gain amplifier

Cheng

Tsai

2021

Micro & Optical Tech Letters

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This paper presents a 35 GHz differential variable gain amplifier (VGA) with 4-bit digital-controlled gain-tuning using 65-nm CMOS process. Using the proposed miniaturized differential matching inductors, a core size of the VGA is only 0.53 Â 0.26 mm. The digital gain control mechanism is achieved using the digital version current steering topology. The measured gain control range of the VGA is from 17.4 to 9 dB at 35 GHz with 16 different linear-in-dB gain states. Thus, this work achieves the maximum peak gain per unit core size and maintains a much better gain control range per unit core size. The measured root mean square gain error is <0.29 dB and phase error is < 4:6 from 34 to 36.5 GHz.

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5G Millimeter-Wave Phased-Array Transceiver: System Considerations and Circuit Implementations

Cited by 14 publications

References 5 publications

Predistortion-Based Linearization for 5G and Beyond Millimeter-Wave Transceiver Systems: A Comprehensive Survey

Predistortion-Based Linearization for 5G and Beyond Millimeter-Wave Transceiver Systems: A Comprehensive Survey

A millimeter‐wave broadband power amplifier with a tree‐like transistor structure using 0.15‐μm GaAs technology

A miniaturized 35 GHz 65‐nm CMOS digital‐controlled differential variable gain amplifier

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