5D Flow MRI: A Fully Self-gated, Free-running Framework for Cardiac and Respiratory Motion–resolved 3D Hemodynamics

Liliana, E.; Yerly, Jérôme; Piccini, Davide; Sopra, Lorenzo Di; Roy, Christopher W.; Carr, James C.; Rigsby, Cynthia K.; Kim, Daniel; Stuber, Matthias; Markl, Michael

doi:10.1148/ryct.2020200219

Cited by 34 publications

(72 citation statements)

References 21 publications

(12 reference statements)

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…This pattern was segmented into multiple interleaves, each initiated with a superior‐inferior (SI) projection for self‐gating. The 5D flow imaging protocol used in this study was similar to a previous study, 26,29 where each interleaf consisted of six total radial k‐space trajectory angles corresponding to 21 total readouts (1 SI projection + 5*[4 velocity encodes]). Sequential interleaves were rotated by the golden angle (137.51°) throughout the entire scan 30 .…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Cardiac and respiratory motion signals were extracted from SI projections using a previously validated principal component analysis (PCA) approach. 21,26,[30][31][32] Using a chosen temporal resolution of ~40 ms (temporal resolution = 8*repetition time [TR]), cardiac signals were used to bin the acquired k-space lines into the appropriate cardiac time frame. Each line was also tagged with the length of the heartbeat, RR Length , within which it was acquired ( Figure 1B,C).…”

Section: D Flow Acquisition and Reconstructionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…These weights were empirically determined based on previous studies in CS-accelerated 4D flow MRI and 5D MRI. 21,26,27 Respiratory bins were divided such that the same number of radial k-space views were mapped in each bin. The 5D respiration-resolved reconstruction resulted in four reconstructed 1C).…”

Section: D Flow Acquisition and Reconstructionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24] Recently, a fully self-gated free-running 5D flow framework was introduced. 19,21,23,25,26 This framework featured a continuous, free-running, 3D radial sequence, with interleaved three-directional velocity encoding as well as inherent self-gating projections to encode cardiac and respiratory motion without external gating signals. 21 The self-gating signal was used to retrospectively bin the flow-encoded 3D data of the heart into cardiac-temporal (4th dimension) and respiratory-resolved (5th dimension) bins.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Recently, a fully self‐gated free‐running 5D flow framework was introduced 19,21,23,25,26 . This framework featured a continuous, free‐running, 3D radial sequence, with interleaved three‐directional velocity encoding as well as inherent self‐gating projections to encode cardiac and respiratory motion without external gating signals 21 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 4 more Smart Citations

Using 5D flow MRI to decode the effects of rhythm on left atrial 3D flow dynamics in patients with atrial fibrillation

Yerly

Sopra

et al. 2021

Magnetic Resonance in Med

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

This study used a 5D flow framework to explore the influence of arrhythmia on thrombogenic hemodynamic parameters in patients with atrial fibrillation (AF). Methods: A fully self-gated, 3D radial, highly accelerated free-running 5D flow sequence with interleaved four-point velocity-encoding was acquired using an in vitro arrhythmic flow phantom and in 25 patients with a history of AF (68 ± 8 y, 6 female). Self-gating signals were used to calculate AF burden, bin data, and tag each k-space line with its RR Length. Data were binned as an RR-resolved dataset with four RR-interval bins (RR1-RR4, short-to-long) for compressed sensing reconstruction. AF burden was calculated as interquartile range of all intrascan RR-intervals divided by median RR-interval, and left atrial (LA) stasis as the percent of the cardiac cycle where the velocity was <0.1 m/s. Results: In vitro results demonstrated successful recovery of RR-binned flow curves using RR-resolved 5D flow compared to a real-time PC reference standard. In vivo, 5D flow was acquired in 8:48 minutes. AF burden was significantly correlated with 5D flow-derived peak (PV) and mean (MV) velocity and stasis (|ρ| = 0.54-0.75, P < .001). Sensitivity analyses determined a threshold for low versus high AF burden at 9.7%. High burden patients had increased LA mean stasis (up to +42%, P < .01), and lower MV and PV (−30%, −40.6%, respectively, P < .01). RR4 deviated furthest from respiratory-resolved reconstruction (end-expiration) with increased mean stasis (7.6% ± 14.0%, P = .10) and decreased PV (−12.7 ± 14.2%, P = .09). Conclusions: RR-resolved 5D flow can capture temporal and RR-resolved 3D hemodynamics in <10 minutes and offers a novel approach to investigate arrhythmias.

show abstract

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%