5D Data Modelling: Full Integration of 2D/3D Space, Time and Scale Dimensions

Oosterom, Peter van; Stoter, J.E.

doi:10.1007/978-3-642-15300-6_22

Cited by 64 publications

(50 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…estimation of noise pollution, and estimation of solar potential), research the continuous LODs, and integrate the 3D space and LOD in a hyper-dimensional (4D) model for more consistency (van Oosterom & Stoter, 2010;Stoter et al, 2012).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Formalisation of the level of detail in 3D city modelling

Biljecki

Ledoux

Stoter

et al. 2014

Computers, Environment and Urban Systems

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154

101

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The level of detail in 3D city modelling, despite its usefulness and importance, is still an ambiguous and undefined term. It is used for the communication of how thoroughly real-world features have been acquired and modelled, as we demonstrate in this paper. Its definitions vary greatly between practitioners, standards and institutions. We fundamentally discuss the concept, and we provide a formal and consistent framework to define discrete and continuous levels of detail (LODs), by determining six metrics that constitute it, and by discussing their quantification and their relations. The resulting LODs are discretisations of functions of metrics that can be specified in an acquisition-modelling specification form that we introduce. The advantages of this approach over existing paradigms are formalisation, consistency, continuity, and finer specification of LODs. As an example of the realisation of the framework, we derive a series of 10 discrete LODs. We give a proposal for the integration of the framework within the OGC standard CityGML (through the Application Domain Extension).

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Formalisation of the level of detail in 3D city modelling

Biljecki

Ledoux

Stoter

et al. 2014

Computers, Environment and Urban Systems

Self Cite

154

101

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“…This will enable the full integration of the separate dimensional aspects of GIS, such as 2D/3D space, time and scale [37]. We have modified and extended generalised maps into a data structure that is not much more complex than a basic implementation, but one that is able to support the real-world characteristics that are found in GIS data.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Modelling Higher Dimensional Data for GIS Using Generalised Maps

Ohori

Ledoux

Stoter

2013

Lecture Notes in Computer Science

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Real-world phenomena have traditionally been modelled in 2D/3D GIS. However, powerful insights can be gained by integrating additional non-spatial dimensions, such as time and scale. While this integration to form higher-dimensional objects is theoretically sound, its implementation is problematic since the data models used in GIS are not appropriate. In this paper, we present our research on one possible data model/structure to represent higher-dimensional GIS datasets: generalised maps. It is formally defined, but is not directly applicable for the specific needs of GIS data, e.g. support for geometry, overlapping and disconnected regions, holes, complex handling of attributes, etc. We review the properties of generalised maps, discuss needs to be modified for higher-dimensional GIS, and describe the modifications and extensions that we have made to generalised maps. We conclude with where this research fits within our long term goal of a higher dimensional GIS, and present an outlook on future research.

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“…A voxel product makes users scale-conscious at least to some extent, because zooming in too far will eventually reveal individual pixels. Van Oosterom & Stoter (2010) argue that scale is actually a higher-dimensional geometrical and topological primitive, and consider it the fifth dimension of geo-information products, after the obvious three spatial dimensions and time. Such view encourages improved handling of scale and level of detail, but also presents a possibility of consistent integration of our model products.…”

Section: Towards Scalable (5d) Subsurface Information?mentioning

confidence: 99%

3D geology in a 2D country: perspectives for geological surveying in the Netherlands

Meulen¹,

Doornenbal²,

Gunnink³

et al. 2013

Netherlands Journal of Geosciences

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ScopePursuant to a new law that will become effective in 2015, DINO, the national Dutch subsurface database operated by the Geological Survey of the Netherlands, is to become an official government register (a 'key register' / basisregistratie). In facing the responsibilities associated with this new status, the Survey is reconsidering and redesigning its operation and in that process a new, or at least sharper picture is emerging of geological surveying in the future.These developments set the final stages of a process of modernisation that geological survey organisations all over the world are currently entangled in (Allen, 2003;Jackson, 2010). Most surveys are replacing paper archives that were built in the AbstractOver the last ten to twenty years, geological surveys all over the world have been entangled in a process of digitisation. Their paper archives, built over many decades, have largely been replaced by electronic databases. The systematic production of geological map sheets is being replaced by 3D subsurface modelling, the results of which are distributed electronically. In the Netherlands, this transition is both being accelerated and concluded by a new law that will govern management and utilisation of subsurface information. Under this law, the Geological Survey of the Netherlands has been commissioned to build a key register for the subsurface: a single national database for subsurface data and information, which Dutch government bodies are obliged to use when making policies or decisions that pertain to, or can be affected by the subsurface. This requires the Survey to rethink and redesign a substantial part of its operation: from data acquisition and interpretation to delivery. It has also helped shape our view on geological surveying in the future.The key register, which is expected to start becoming operational in 2015, will contain vast quantities of subsurface data, as well as their interpretation into 3D models. The obligatory consultation of the register will raise user expectations of the reliability of all information it contains, and requires a strong focus on confidence issues. Building the necessary systems and meeting quality requirements is our biggest challenge in the upcoming years. The next step change will be towards building 4D models, which represent not only geological conditions in space, but also processes in time such as subsidence, anthropogenic effects, and those associated with global change.Keywords: Netherlands, applied geoscience, hydrogeology, geological surveying, mapping, geomodelling, geodatabase Netherlands Journal of Geosciences -Geologie en Mijnbouw | 92 -4 | 217-241 | 2013 217 course of many decades by electronic databases; many surveys started producing electronically distributed 3D subsurface models in addition to or instead of 2D geological maps that were their primary output since their establishment. For a variety of reasons explained below, the Dutch survey is among the early adapters in both respects.In this overview paper we present the Geological S...

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5D Data Modelling: Full Integration of 2D/3D Space, Time and Scale Dimensions

Cited by 64 publications

References 26 publications

Formalisation of the level of detail in 3D city modelling

Formalisation of the level of detail in 3D city modelling

Modelling Higher Dimensional Data for GIS Using Generalised Maps

3D geology in a 2D country: perspectives for geological surveying in the Netherlands

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